Terrestrial and epiphytic orchids exhibit different diversity and distribution patterns along an elevation gradient of Mt. Victoria, Myanmar
Orchids have been long fascinating biologists and ecologists because of their remarkable range of life history strategies, floral and vegetative morphology, pollination syndromes, and symbiotic fungi. However, the diversity and distribution patterns of orchids remain unclear in several regions, seri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Global Ecology and Conservation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989423000434 |
| _version_ | 1811162730218913792 |
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| author | Yan-Yu Ai Qiang Liu Hai-Xia Hu Ting Shen Yu-Xuan Mo Xun-Feng Wu Jin-Long Li Gbadamassi G.O. Dossa Liang Song |
| author_facet | Yan-Yu Ai Qiang Liu Hai-Xia Hu Ting Shen Yu-Xuan Mo Xun-Feng Wu Jin-Long Li Gbadamassi G.O. Dossa Liang Song |
| author_sort | Yan-Yu Ai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Orchids have been long fascinating biologists and ecologists because of their remarkable range of life history strategies, floral and vegetative morphology, pollination syndromes, and symbiotic fungi. However, the diversity and distribution patterns of orchids remain unclear in several regions, seriously hindering the understanding of orchid diversity and their maintenance mechanisms. In this study, species richness, abundance, and environmental conditions of epiphytic and terrestrial orchids were investigated along an elevation gradient of Mt. Victoria, Myanmar, ranging from 600 to 3000 m with 200-m intervals. A binary species-based network was structured between epiphytic orchids and their hosts to further address the effect of hosts on orchid distribution. In total, 94 orchid species were recorded, including 58 epiphytic and 36 terrestrial orchids. A hump-shaped pattern of epiphytic orchid richness occurred along the elevation gradient, with the highest richness at ca. 2200 m, whereas terrestrial orchid richness follows a monotonous decrease. Both elevation and slope significantly affected the species composition and diversity of epiphytic and terrestrial orchids, while terrestrial orchids were also affected by herb coverage. The network between epiphytic orchids and their hosts exhibited a low level of connectance, and significant nestedness with a high level of modularity and specialization. Interactions in the network were heterogeneously distributed among hosts, as Lithocarpus variolosus, Rhododendron arboretum, and Lyonia ovalifolia hosted a wide variety of orchid species and hence played an important role in maintaining the diversity pattern of epiphytic orchids, while the bulk of species exhibited few interactions. Twenty epiphytic orchids (such as Sunipia grandiflora, Liparis viridiflora, Porpax grandiflora and Liparis tsii), which were only attached to specific host species, may be exposed to a high risk of extinction with the intensification of human activities. This study provides basic data for the conservation and management of orchids in Mt. Victoria, Myanmar. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T06:33:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-519f9bb6b1bb4eb290ab2e0dad387953 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2351-9894 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T06:33:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Global Ecology and Conservation |
| spelling | doaj.art-519f9bb6b1bb4eb290ab2e0dad3879532023-03-01T04:31:59ZengElsevierGlobal Ecology and Conservation2351-98942023-04-0142e02408Terrestrial and epiphytic orchids exhibit different diversity and distribution patterns along an elevation gradient of Mt. Victoria, MyanmarYan-Yu Ai0Qiang Liu1Hai-Xia Hu2Ting Shen3Yu-Xuan Mo4Xun-Feng Wu5Jin-Long Li6Gbadamassi G.O. Dossa7Liang Song8Innovation Group of Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Jindian Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR ChinaInnovation Group of Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Jindian Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, PR ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR ChinaInstitute of Botany, University of Liege, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liege, BelgiumCAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR ChinaInnovation Group of Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Jindian Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, PR ChinaInnovation Group of Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Jindian Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, PR ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, PR China; Corresponding author.Orchids have been long fascinating biologists and ecologists because of their remarkable range of life history strategies, floral and vegetative morphology, pollination syndromes, and symbiotic fungi. However, the diversity and distribution patterns of orchids remain unclear in several regions, seriously hindering the understanding of orchid diversity and their maintenance mechanisms. In this study, species richness, abundance, and environmental conditions of epiphytic and terrestrial orchids were investigated along an elevation gradient of Mt. Victoria, Myanmar, ranging from 600 to 3000 m with 200-m intervals. A binary species-based network was structured between epiphytic orchids and their hosts to further address the effect of hosts on orchid distribution. In total, 94 orchid species were recorded, including 58 epiphytic and 36 terrestrial orchids. A hump-shaped pattern of epiphytic orchid richness occurred along the elevation gradient, with the highest richness at ca. 2200 m, whereas terrestrial orchid richness follows a monotonous decrease. Both elevation and slope significantly affected the species composition and diversity of epiphytic and terrestrial orchids, while terrestrial orchids were also affected by herb coverage. The network between epiphytic orchids and their hosts exhibited a low level of connectance, and significant nestedness with a high level of modularity and specialization. Interactions in the network were heterogeneously distributed among hosts, as Lithocarpus variolosus, Rhododendron arboretum, and Lyonia ovalifolia hosted a wide variety of orchid species and hence played an important role in maintaining the diversity pattern of epiphytic orchids, while the bulk of species exhibited few interactions. Twenty epiphytic orchids (such as Sunipia grandiflora, Liparis viridiflora, Porpax grandiflora and Liparis tsii), which were only attached to specific host species, may be exposed to a high risk of extinction with the intensification of human activities. This study provides basic data for the conservation and management of orchids in Mt. Victoria, Myanmar.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989423000434Biodiversity patternCommensal networkConservationElevation gradientEpiphyteHump-shaped pattern |
| spellingShingle | Yan-Yu Ai Qiang Liu Hai-Xia Hu Ting Shen Yu-Xuan Mo Xun-Feng Wu Jin-Long Li Gbadamassi G.O. Dossa Liang Song Terrestrial and epiphytic orchids exhibit different diversity and distribution patterns along an elevation gradient of Mt. Victoria, Myanmar Global Ecology and Conservation Biodiversity pattern Commensal network Conservation Elevation gradient Epiphyte Hump-shaped pattern |
| title | Terrestrial and epiphytic orchids exhibit different diversity and distribution patterns along an elevation gradient of Mt. Victoria, Myanmar |
| title_full | Terrestrial and epiphytic orchids exhibit different diversity and distribution patterns along an elevation gradient of Mt. Victoria, Myanmar |
| title_fullStr | Terrestrial and epiphytic orchids exhibit different diversity and distribution patterns along an elevation gradient of Mt. Victoria, Myanmar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Terrestrial and epiphytic orchids exhibit different diversity and distribution patterns along an elevation gradient of Mt. Victoria, Myanmar |
| title_short | Terrestrial and epiphytic orchids exhibit different diversity and distribution patterns along an elevation gradient of Mt. Victoria, Myanmar |
| title_sort | terrestrial and epiphytic orchids exhibit different diversity and distribution patterns along an elevation gradient of mt victoria myanmar |
| topic | Biodiversity pattern Commensal network Conservation Elevation gradient Epiphyte Hump-shaped pattern |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989423000434 |
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