Acoustic Wave Sensor Detection of an Ovarian Cancer Biomarker with Antifouling Surface Chemistry
Ovarian cancer (OC) must be detected in its early stages when the mortality rate is the lowest to provide patients with the best chance of survival. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a critical OC biomarker since its levels are elevated across all stages and increase with disease progression. This pape...
| Автори: | , , , , |
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| Формат: | Стаття |
| Мова: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Серія: | Sensors |
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| Онлайн доступ: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/7884 |
| _version_ | 1826915421779918848 |
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| author | Katharina Davoudian Sandro Spagnolo Edmund Chan Tibor Hianik Michael Thompson |
| author_facet | Katharina Davoudian Sandro Spagnolo Edmund Chan Tibor Hianik Michael Thompson |
| author_sort | Katharina Davoudian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ovarian cancer (OC) must be detected in its early stages when the mortality rate is the lowest to provide patients with the best chance of survival. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a critical OC biomarker since its levels are elevated across all stages and increase with disease progression. This paper presents an LPA assay based on a thickness shear mode acoustic sensor with dissipation monitoring that involves a new thiol molecule 3-(2-mercaptoethanoxy)propanoic acid (HS-MEG-COOH). HS-MEG-COOH is an antifouling linker that provides (a) antifouling properties for gold substrates and (b) linking ability via its terminal carboxylic acid functional group. The antifouling ability of HS-MEG-COOH was tested in whole human serum. The new molecule was applied to the LPA assay in conjunction with a spacer molecule, 2-(2-mercaptoethoxy)ethan-1-ol (HS-MEG-OH), in a 1:1 <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> ratio. HS-MEG-COOH was covalently linked to gelsolin–actin, a protein complex probe that dissociates due to LPA-binding. LPA was detected in phosphate-buffered saline and undiluted human serum and achieved a low limit of detection (1.0 and 0.7 μM, respectively) which was below the concentration of LPA in healthy individuals. The antifouling properties of HS-MEG-COOH and the detection of LPA demonstrate the ability of the sensor to successfully identify the early-stage OC biomarker in undiluted human serum. |
| first_indexed | 2025-02-17T11:59:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51a0b8fce28042e6b500da41c1a38d16 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-02-17T11:59:36Z |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-51a0b8fce28042e6b500da41c1a38d162024-12-27T14:52:20ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-12-012424788410.3390/s24247884Acoustic Wave Sensor Detection of an Ovarian Cancer Biomarker with Antifouling Surface ChemistryKatharina Davoudian0Sandro Spagnolo1Edmund Chan2Tibor Hianik3Michael Thompson4Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, CanadaFaculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, SlovakiaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, CanadaFaculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, SlovakiaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, CanadaOvarian cancer (OC) must be detected in its early stages when the mortality rate is the lowest to provide patients with the best chance of survival. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a critical OC biomarker since its levels are elevated across all stages and increase with disease progression. This paper presents an LPA assay based on a thickness shear mode acoustic sensor with dissipation monitoring that involves a new thiol molecule 3-(2-mercaptoethanoxy)propanoic acid (HS-MEG-COOH). HS-MEG-COOH is an antifouling linker that provides (a) antifouling properties for gold substrates and (b) linking ability via its terminal carboxylic acid functional group. The antifouling ability of HS-MEG-COOH was tested in whole human serum. The new molecule was applied to the LPA assay in conjunction with a spacer molecule, 2-(2-mercaptoethoxy)ethan-1-ol (HS-MEG-OH), in a 1:1 <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> ratio. HS-MEG-COOH was covalently linked to gelsolin–actin, a protein complex probe that dissociates due to LPA-binding. LPA was detected in phosphate-buffered saline and undiluted human serum and achieved a low limit of detection (1.0 and 0.7 μM, respectively) which was below the concentration of LPA in healthy individuals. The antifouling properties of HS-MEG-COOH and the detection of LPA demonstrate the ability of the sensor to successfully identify the early-stage OC biomarker in undiluted human serum.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/7884lysophosphatidic acidgelsolinactinovarian cancerantifouling linkerthickness shear mode |
| spellingShingle | Katharina Davoudian Sandro Spagnolo Edmund Chan Tibor Hianik Michael Thompson Acoustic Wave Sensor Detection of an Ovarian Cancer Biomarker with Antifouling Surface Chemistry Sensors lysophosphatidic acid gelsolin actin ovarian cancer antifouling linker thickness shear mode |
| title | Acoustic Wave Sensor Detection of an Ovarian Cancer Biomarker with Antifouling Surface Chemistry |
| title_full | Acoustic Wave Sensor Detection of an Ovarian Cancer Biomarker with Antifouling Surface Chemistry |
| title_fullStr | Acoustic Wave Sensor Detection of an Ovarian Cancer Biomarker with Antifouling Surface Chemistry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acoustic Wave Sensor Detection of an Ovarian Cancer Biomarker with Antifouling Surface Chemistry |
| title_short | Acoustic Wave Sensor Detection of an Ovarian Cancer Biomarker with Antifouling Surface Chemistry |
| title_sort | acoustic wave sensor detection of an ovarian cancer biomarker with antifouling surface chemistry |
| topic | lysophosphatidic acid gelsolin actin ovarian cancer antifouling linker thickness shear mode |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/7884 |
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