Sarcopenia and Frailty in Liver Cirrhosis
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body, and skeletal muscle atrophy results from a shift in the balance of protein synthesis and degradation toward protein breakdown. Primary sarcopenia is defined as a loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength or physical function due to aging, and seconda...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/5/399 |
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author | Hiroki Nishikawa Shinya Fukunishi Akira Asai Shuhei Nishiguchi Kazuhide Higuchi |
author_facet | Hiroki Nishikawa Shinya Fukunishi Akira Asai Shuhei Nishiguchi Kazuhide Higuchi |
author_sort | Hiroki Nishikawa |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body, and skeletal muscle atrophy results from a shift in the balance of protein synthesis and degradation toward protein breakdown. Primary sarcopenia is defined as a loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength or physical function due to aging, and secondary sarcopenia is defined as a loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength or physical function due to underlying diseases. Liver cirrhosis (LC) is one of the representative diseases which can be complicated with secondary sarcopenia. Muscle mass loss becomes more pronounced with worsening liver reserve in LC patients. While frailty encompasses a state of increased vulnerability to environmental factors, there is also the reversibility of returning to a healthy state with appropriate intervention. Several assessment criteria for sarcopenia and frailty were proposed in recent years. In 2016, the Japan Society of Hepatology created assessment criteria for sarcopenia in liver disease. In Japan, health checkups for frailty in the elderly aged 75 years or more started in April 2020. Both sarcopenia and frailty can be adverse predictors for cirrhotic patients. In this review article, we will summarize the current knowledge of sarcopenia and frailty in LC patients. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:53:58Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-51a5c2a9ae5f41fd8986f1e446da4a9a |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2075-1729 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:53:58Z |
publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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series | Life |
spelling | doaj.art-51a5c2a9ae5f41fd8986f1e446da4a9a2023-11-21T17:26:04ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292021-04-0111539910.3390/life11050399Sarcopenia and Frailty in Liver CirrhosisHiroki Nishikawa0Shinya Fukunishi1Akira Asai2Shuhei Nishiguchi3Kazuhide Higuchi4The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, JapanThe Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, JapanThe Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, JapanKano General Hospital, Osaka 531-0041, JapanThe Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, JapanSkeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body, and skeletal muscle atrophy results from a shift in the balance of protein synthesis and degradation toward protein breakdown. Primary sarcopenia is defined as a loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength or physical function due to aging, and secondary sarcopenia is defined as a loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength or physical function due to underlying diseases. Liver cirrhosis (LC) is one of the representative diseases which can be complicated with secondary sarcopenia. Muscle mass loss becomes more pronounced with worsening liver reserve in LC patients. While frailty encompasses a state of increased vulnerability to environmental factors, there is also the reversibility of returning to a healthy state with appropriate intervention. Several assessment criteria for sarcopenia and frailty were proposed in recent years. In 2016, the Japan Society of Hepatology created assessment criteria for sarcopenia in liver disease. In Japan, health checkups for frailty in the elderly aged 75 years or more started in April 2020. Both sarcopenia and frailty can be adverse predictors for cirrhotic patients. In this review article, we will summarize the current knowledge of sarcopenia and frailty in LC patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/5/399sarcopeniafrailtyliver cirrhosispathophysiologyguidelines |
spellingShingle | Hiroki Nishikawa Shinya Fukunishi Akira Asai Shuhei Nishiguchi Kazuhide Higuchi Sarcopenia and Frailty in Liver Cirrhosis Life sarcopenia frailty liver cirrhosis pathophysiology guidelines |
title | Sarcopenia and Frailty in Liver Cirrhosis |
title_full | Sarcopenia and Frailty in Liver Cirrhosis |
title_fullStr | Sarcopenia and Frailty in Liver Cirrhosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Sarcopenia and Frailty in Liver Cirrhosis |
title_short | Sarcopenia and Frailty in Liver Cirrhosis |
title_sort | sarcopenia and frailty in liver cirrhosis |
topic | sarcopenia frailty liver cirrhosis pathophysiology guidelines |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/5/399 |
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