The Expression Pattern of Genes Related to Melanogenesis and Endogenous Opioids in Psoriasis
The melanocortin system is a major regulator of stress responses in the skin and is responsible for the induction of melanin synthesis through activation of melanogenesis enzymes. The expression of both melanocortin system genes and melanogenesis enzyme genes is altered in psoriasis, and the focus h...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/13056 |
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| author | Ulvi Loite Liisi Raam Ene Reimann Paula Reemann Ele Prans Tanel Traks Eero Vasar Helgi Silm Külli Kingo Sulev Kõks |
| author_facet | Ulvi Loite Liisi Raam Ene Reimann Paula Reemann Ele Prans Tanel Traks Eero Vasar Helgi Silm Külli Kingo Sulev Kõks |
| author_sort | Ulvi Loite |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The melanocortin system is a major regulator of stress responses in the skin and is responsible for the induction of melanin synthesis through activation of melanogenesis enzymes. The expression of both melanocortin system genes and melanogenesis enzyme genes is altered in psoriasis, and the focus here was on twelve genes related to the signal transduction between them. Additionally, five endogenous opioid system genes that are involved in cutaneous inflammation were examined. Quantitative real-time-PCR was utilized to measure mRNA expression in punch biopsies from lesional and non-lesional skin of psoriasis patients and from the skin of healthy control subjects. Most of the genes related to melanogenesis were down-regulated in patients (CREB1, MITF, LEF1, USF1, MAPK14, ICAM1, PIK3CB, RPS6KB1, KIT, and ATRN). Conversely, an up-regulation occurred in the case of opioids (PENK, PDYN, and PNOC). The suppression of genes related to melanogenesis is in agreement with the reported reduction in pigmentation signaling in psoriatic skin and potentially results from the pro-inflammatory environment. The increase in endogenous opioids can be associated with their involvement in inflammatory dysregulation in psoriasis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:52:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51ab4ca763bf44e694345b46cd9a5e06 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:52:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-51ab4ca763bf44e694345b46cd9a5e062023-11-23T02:32:26ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-12-0122231305610.3390/ijms222313056The Expression Pattern of Genes Related to Melanogenesis and Endogenous Opioids in PsoriasisUlvi Loite0Liisi Raam1Ene Reimann2Paula Reemann3Ele Prans4Tanel Traks5Eero Vasar6Helgi Silm7Külli Kingo8Sulev Kõks9Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Tartu, 31 Raja, 50417 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Tartu, 31 Raja, 50417 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 23b/2 Riia, 51010 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Tartu, 31 Raja, 50417 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tartu University Hospital, 8 L. Puusepa, 51014 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Tartu, 31 Raja, 50417 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Tartu, 31 Raja, 50417 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Tartu, 31 Raja, 50417 Tartu, EstoniaThe Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, 8 Verdun St., Nedlands, WA 6009, AustraliaThe melanocortin system is a major regulator of stress responses in the skin and is responsible for the induction of melanin synthesis through activation of melanogenesis enzymes. The expression of both melanocortin system genes and melanogenesis enzyme genes is altered in psoriasis, and the focus here was on twelve genes related to the signal transduction between them. Additionally, five endogenous opioid system genes that are involved in cutaneous inflammation were examined. Quantitative real-time-PCR was utilized to measure mRNA expression in punch biopsies from lesional and non-lesional skin of psoriasis patients and from the skin of healthy control subjects. Most of the genes related to melanogenesis were down-regulated in patients (CREB1, MITF, LEF1, USF1, MAPK14, ICAM1, PIK3CB, RPS6KB1, KIT, and ATRN). Conversely, an up-regulation occurred in the case of opioids (PENK, PDYN, and PNOC). The suppression of genes related to melanogenesis is in agreement with the reported reduction in pigmentation signaling in psoriatic skin and potentially results from the pro-inflammatory environment. The increase in endogenous opioids can be associated with their involvement in inflammatory dysregulation in psoriasis.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/13056psoriasismelanocortin systemmelanogenesis enzymesendogenous opioid systemmRNA expression analysis |
| spellingShingle | Ulvi Loite Liisi Raam Ene Reimann Paula Reemann Ele Prans Tanel Traks Eero Vasar Helgi Silm Külli Kingo Sulev Kõks The Expression Pattern of Genes Related to Melanogenesis and Endogenous Opioids in Psoriasis International Journal of Molecular Sciences psoriasis melanocortin system melanogenesis enzymes endogenous opioid system mRNA expression analysis |
| title | The Expression Pattern of Genes Related to Melanogenesis and Endogenous Opioids in Psoriasis |
| title_full | The Expression Pattern of Genes Related to Melanogenesis and Endogenous Opioids in Psoriasis |
| title_fullStr | The Expression Pattern of Genes Related to Melanogenesis and Endogenous Opioids in Psoriasis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Expression Pattern of Genes Related to Melanogenesis and Endogenous Opioids in Psoriasis |
| title_short | The Expression Pattern of Genes Related to Melanogenesis and Endogenous Opioids in Psoriasis |
| title_sort | expression pattern of genes related to melanogenesis and endogenous opioids in psoriasis |
| topic | psoriasis melanocortin system melanogenesis enzymes endogenous opioid system mRNA expression analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/13056 |
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