Transcranial Evoked Potentials Can Be Reliably Recorded with Active Electrodes
Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are usually recorded with passive electrodes (PE). Active electrode (AE) systems have recently become widely available; compared to PE, they allow for easier electrode preparation and a higher-quality signal, due...
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| author | Marco Mancuso Valerio Sveva Alessandro Cruciani Katlyn Brown Jaime Ibáñez Vishal Rawji Elias Casula Isabella Premoli Sasha D'Ambrosio John Rothwell Lorenzo Rocchi |
| author_facet | Marco Mancuso Valerio Sveva Alessandro Cruciani Katlyn Brown Jaime Ibáñez Vishal Rawji Elias Casula Isabella Premoli Sasha D'Ambrosio John Rothwell Lorenzo Rocchi |
| author_sort | Marco Mancuso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are usually recorded with passive electrodes (PE). Active electrode (AE) systems have recently become widely available; compared to PE, they allow for easier electrode preparation and a higher-quality signal, due to the preamplification at the electrode stage, which reduces electrical line noise. The performance between the AE and PE can differ, especially with fast EEG voltage changes, which can easily occur with TMS-EEG; however, a systematic comparison in the TMS-EEG setting has not been made. Therefore, we recorded TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) in a group of healthy subjects in two sessions, one using PE and the other using AE. We stimulated the left primary motor cortex and right medial prefrontal cortex and used two different approaches to remove early TMS artefacts, Independent Component Analysis and Signal Space Projection—Source Informed Recovery. We assessed statistical differences in amplitude and topography of TEPs, and their similarity, by means of the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). We also tested the capability of each system to approximate the final TEP waveform with a reduced number of trials. The results showed that TEPs recorded with AE and PE do not differ in amplitude and topography, and only few electrodes showed a lower-than-expected CCC between the two methods of amplification. We conclude that AE are a viable solution for TMS-EEG recording. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:56:27Z |
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| id | doaj.art-51ac683aef8c423987054f0da49ce6f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:56:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-51ac683aef8c423987054f0da49ce6f12023-12-03T14:20:14ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252021-01-0111214510.3390/brainsci11020145Transcranial Evoked Potentials Can Be Reliably Recorded with Active ElectrodesMarco Mancuso0Valerio Sveva1Alessandro Cruciani2Katlyn Brown3Jaime Ibáñez4Vishal Rawji5Elias Casula6Isabella Premoli7Sasha D'Ambrosio8John Rothwell9Lorenzo Rocchi10Department of Human Neurosciences, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Human Neurosciences, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, ItalyNeurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UKDepartment of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKDepartment of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UKNon-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00142 Rome, ItalyInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UKChalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St. Peter SL9 0RJ, UKDepartment of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UKDepartment of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UKElectroencephalographic (EEG) signals evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are usually recorded with passive electrodes (PE). Active electrode (AE) systems have recently become widely available; compared to PE, they allow for easier electrode preparation and a higher-quality signal, due to the preamplification at the electrode stage, which reduces electrical line noise. The performance between the AE and PE can differ, especially with fast EEG voltage changes, which can easily occur with TMS-EEG; however, a systematic comparison in the TMS-EEG setting has not been made. Therefore, we recorded TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) in a group of healthy subjects in two sessions, one using PE and the other using AE. We stimulated the left primary motor cortex and right medial prefrontal cortex and used two different approaches to remove early TMS artefacts, Independent Component Analysis and Signal Space Projection—Source Informed Recovery. We assessed statistical differences in amplitude and topography of TEPs, and their similarity, by means of the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). We also tested the capability of each system to approximate the final TEP waveform with a reduced number of trials. The results showed that TEPs recorded with AE and PE do not differ in amplitude and topography, and only few electrodes showed a lower-than-expected CCC between the two methods of amplification. We conclude that AE are a viable solution for TMS-EEG recording.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/2/145transcranial magnetic stimulationelectroencephalographyTMS-EEGtranscranial evoked potentialsmotor evoked potentialsactive electrodes |
| spellingShingle | Marco Mancuso Valerio Sveva Alessandro Cruciani Katlyn Brown Jaime Ibáñez Vishal Rawji Elias Casula Isabella Premoli Sasha D'Ambrosio John Rothwell Lorenzo Rocchi Transcranial Evoked Potentials Can Be Reliably Recorded with Active Electrodes Brain Sciences transcranial magnetic stimulation electroencephalography TMS-EEG transcranial evoked potentials motor evoked potentials active electrodes |
| title | Transcranial Evoked Potentials Can Be Reliably Recorded with Active Electrodes |
| title_full | Transcranial Evoked Potentials Can Be Reliably Recorded with Active Electrodes |
| title_fullStr | Transcranial Evoked Potentials Can Be Reliably Recorded with Active Electrodes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcranial Evoked Potentials Can Be Reliably Recorded with Active Electrodes |
| title_short | Transcranial Evoked Potentials Can Be Reliably Recorded with Active Electrodes |
| title_sort | transcranial evoked potentials can be reliably recorded with active electrodes |
| topic | transcranial magnetic stimulation electroencephalography TMS-EEG transcranial evoked potentials motor evoked potentials active electrodes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/2/145 |
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