GMMA as an Alternative Carrier for a Glycoconjugate Vaccine against Group A <i>Streptococcus</i>
Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> (GAS) causes about 500,000 annual deaths globally, and no vaccines are currently available. The Group A Carbohydrate (GAC), conserved across all GAS serotypes, conjugated to an appropriate carrier protein, represents a promising vaccine candidate. Here, we ex...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/1034 |
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| author | Elena Palmieri Zoltán Kis James Ozanne Roberta Di Benedetto Beatrice Ricchetti Luisa Massai Martina Carducci Davide Oldrini Gianmarco Gasperini Maria Grazia Aruta Omar Rossi Cleo Kontoravdi Nilay Shah Fatme Mawas Francesca Micoli |
| author_facet | Elena Palmieri Zoltán Kis James Ozanne Roberta Di Benedetto Beatrice Ricchetti Luisa Massai Martina Carducci Davide Oldrini Gianmarco Gasperini Maria Grazia Aruta Omar Rossi Cleo Kontoravdi Nilay Shah Fatme Mawas Francesca Micoli |
| author_sort | Elena Palmieri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> (GAS) causes about 500,000 annual deaths globally, and no vaccines are currently available. The Group A Carbohydrate (GAC), conserved across all GAS serotypes, conjugated to an appropriate carrier protein, represents a promising vaccine candidate. Here, we explored the possibility to use Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) as an alternative carrier system for GAC, exploiting their intrinsic adjuvant properties. Immunogenicity of GAC-GMMA conjugate was evaluated in different animal species in comparison to GAC-CRM<sub>197</sub>; and the two conjugates were also compared from a techno-economic point of view. GMMA proved to be a good alternative carrier for GAC, resulting in a higher immune response compared to CRM<sub>197</sub> in different mice strains, as verified by ELISA and FACS analyses. Differently from CRM<sub>197</sub>, GMMA induced significant levels of anti-GAC IgG titers in mice also in the absence of Alhydrogel. In rabbits, a difference in the immune response could not be appreciated; however, antibodies from GAC-GMMA-immunized animals showed higher affinity toward purified GAC antigen compared to those elicited by GAC-CRM<sub>197</sub>. In addition, the GAC-GMMA production process proved to be more cost-effective, making this conjugate particularly attractive for low- and middle-income countries, where this pathogen has a huge burden. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:44:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51ad062515b741b4afe2d444e2ee2b4a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:44:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-51ad062515b741b4afe2d444e2ee2b4a2023-12-03T12:22:15ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-06-01107103410.3390/vaccines10071034GMMA as an Alternative Carrier for a Glycoconjugate Vaccine against Group A <i>Streptococcus</i>Elena Palmieri0Zoltán Kis1James Ozanne2Roberta Di Benedetto3Beatrice Ricchetti4Luisa Massai5Martina Carducci6Davide Oldrini7Gianmarco Gasperini8Maria Grazia Aruta9Omar Rossi10Cleo Kontoravdi11Nilay Shah12Fatme Mawas13Francesca Micoli14GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, ItalyThe Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UKThe National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms EN6 3QG, UKGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, ItalyGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, ItalyGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, ItalyGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, ItalyGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, ItalyGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, ItalyGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, ItalyGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, ItalyThe Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UKThe Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UKThe National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms EN6 3QG, UKGSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, ItalyGroup A <i>Streptococcus</i> (GAS) causes about 500,000 annual deaths globally, and no vaccines are currently available. The Group A Carbohydrate (GAC), conserved across all GAS serotypes, conjugated to an appropriate carrier protein, represents a promising vaccine candidate. Here, we explored the possibility to use Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) as an alternative carrier system for GAC, exploiting their intrinsic adjuvant properties. Immunogenicity of GAC-GMMA conjugate was evaluated in different animal species in comparison to GAC-CRM<sub>197</sub>; and the two conjugates were also compared from a techno-economic point of view. GMMA proved to be a good alternative carrier for GAC, resulting in a higher immune response compared to CRM<sub>197</sub> in different mice strains, as verified by ELISA and FACS analyses. Differently from CRM<sub>197</sub>, GMMA induced significant levels of anti-GAC IgG titers in mice also in the absence of Alhydrogel. In rabbits, a difference in the immune response could not be appreciated; however, antibodies from GAC-GMMA-immunized animals showed higher affinity toward purified GAC antigen compared to those elicited by GAC-CRM<sub>197</sub>. In addition, the GAC-GMMA production process proved to be more cost-effective, making this conjugate particularly attractive for low- and middle-income countries, where this pathogen has a huge burden.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/1034Group A <i>Streptococcus</i>GMMAglycoconjugateGroup A Carbohydrate |
| spellingShingle | Elena Palmieri Zoltán Kis James Ozanne Roberta Di Benedetto Beatrice Ricchetti Luisa Massai Martina Carducci Davide Oldrini Gianmarco Gasperini Maria Grazia Aruta Omar Rossi Cleo Kontoravdi Nilay Shah Fatme Mawas Francesca Micoli GMMA as an Alternative Carrier for a Glycoconjugate Vaccine against Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> Vaccines Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> GMMA glycoconjugate Group A Carbohydrate |
| title | GMMA as an Alternative Carrier for a Glycoconjugate Vaccine against Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> |
| title_full | GMMA as an Alternative Carrier for a Glycoconjugate Vaccine against Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> |
| title_fullStr | GMMA as an Alternative Carrier for a Glycoconjugate Vaccine against Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | GMMA as an Alternative Carrier for a Glycoconjugate Vaccine against Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> |
| title_short | GMMA as an Alternative Carrier for a Glycoconjugate Vaccine against Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> |
| title_sort | gmma as an alternative carrier for a glycoconjugate vaccine against group a i streptococcus i |
| topic | Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> GMMA glycoconjugate Group A Carbohydrate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/1034 |
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