Yttrium Oxide (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) as a Pulse Initiator in a Mode-Locking Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser
Mode-locking is an ultra-short pulse laser generation technique. The range of pulse duration may vary from picoseconds to femtoseconds. Yttrium Oxide (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) based saturable absorber (SA) was appropriately revealed in the mode-locked method within the 1.5...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/7/486 |
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| author | N. F. Zulkipli A. R. Muhammad M. Batumalay A. H. A. Rosol A. Altuncu F. E. Durak M. F. Ma’mun S. W. Harun |
| author_facet | N. F. Zulkipli A. R. Muhammad M. Batumalay A. H. A. Rosol A. Altuncu F. E. Durak M. F. Ma’mun S. W. Harun |
| author_sort | N. F. Zulkipli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mode-locking is an ultra-short pulse laser generation technique. The range of pulse duration may vary from picoseconds to femtoseconds. Yttrium Oxide (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) based saturable absorber (SA) was appropriately revealed in the mode-locked method within the 1.55-micron regime. Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is perfect for strength, melting point, and chemical stability and can be used as a laminated insulator due to its properties. Moreover, Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> also owns broadband service, switching speed, and engineering features. The Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PVA film was produced by combining the 50 mg Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powder into a 50 mL polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and stirring it at room temperature for about 24 h. A mode-locked pulse was recorded with the integrated Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PVA SA in the erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity, and the output spectrum optical spectrum analyzer displayed was around 1560.66 nm. In addition to the sustained mode-locked pulse, a nearly constant repetition rate of 1.01 MHz at a specific pump power begins from 175.87 mW to 228.04 mW while the pulse duration is 4.15 ps. Lastly, the mode-locked pulse had been evaluated, which showed the peak power started from 4.94 kW to 6.07 kW. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:13:20Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:13:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-51b07cd9541b4ca6b2e11cac2bffdbc82023-12-01T22:35:20ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322022-07-019748610.3390/photonics9070486Yttrium Oxide (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) as a Pulse Initiator in a Mode-Locking Erbium-Doped Fiber LaserN. F. Zulkipli0A. R. Muhammad1M. Batumalay2A. H. A. Rosol3A. Altuncu4F. E. Durak5M. F. Ma’mun6S. W. Harun7Photonics Technologies Application and Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya 43100, TurkeyInstitute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, MalaysiaFaculty of Data Science & IT, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, MalaysiaDepartment of Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaPhotonics Technologies Application and Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya 43100, TurkeyPhotonics Technologies Application and Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya 43100, TurkeyInstitute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, MalaysiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaMode-locking is an ultra-short pulse laser generation technique. The range of pulse duration may vary from picoseconds to femtoseconds. Yttrium Oxide (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) based saturable absorber (SA) was appropriately revealed in the mode-locked method within the 1.55-micron regime. Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is perfect for strength, melting point, and chemical stability and can be used as a laminated insulator due to its properties. Moreover, Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> also owns broadband service, switching speed, and engineering features. The Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PVA film was produced by combining the 50 mg Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powder into a 50 mL polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and stirring it at room temperature for about 24 h. A mode-locked pulse was recorded with the integrated Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PVA SA in the erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity, and the output spectrum optical spectrum analyzer displayed was around 1560.66 nm. In addition to the sustained mode-locked pulse, a nearly constant repetition rate of 1.01 MHz at a specific pump power begins from 175.87 mW to 228.04 mW while the pulse duration is 4.15 ps. Lastly, the mode-locked pulse had been evaluated, which showed the peak power started from 4.94 kW to 6.07 kW.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/7/486yttrium oxidefiber lasermode-locked methodsaturable absorber |
| spellingShingle | N. F. Zulkipli A. R. Muhammad M. Batumalay A. H. A. Rosol A. Altuncu F. E. Durak M. F. Ma’mun S. W. Harun Yttrium Oxide (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) as a Pulse Initiator in a Mode-Locking Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Photonics yttrium oxide fiber laser mode-locked method saturable absorber |
| title | Yttrium Oxide (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) as a Pulse Initiator in a Mode-Locking Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser |
| title_full | Yttrium Oxide (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) as a Pulse Initiator in a Mode-Locking Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser |
| title_fullStr | Yttrium Oxide (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) as a Pulse Initiator in a Mode-Locking Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser |
| title_full_unstemmed | Yttrium Oxide (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) as a Pulse Initiator in a Mode-Locking Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser |
| title_short | Yttrium Oxide (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) as a Pulse Initiator in a Mode-Locking Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser |
| title_sort | yttrium oxide y sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub as a pulse initiator in a mode locking erbium doped fiber laser |
| topic | yttrium oxide fiber laser mode-locked method saturable absorber |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/7/486 |
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