Mechanical Response of Geopolymer Foams to Heating—Managing Coal Gangue in Fire-Resistant Materials Technology
Two geopolymer foams were prepared from a thermally activated coal gangue containing kaolinite. As the foaming agent, aluminium powder and 36% hydrogen peroxide were used to obtain two levels of porosity. The materials’ high temperature performances were investigated: tensile and compressive strengt...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3363 |
| _version_ | 1797504905374597120 |
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| author | Mateusz Sitarz Beata Figiela Michał Łach Kinga Korniejenko Katarzyna Mróz João Castro-Gomes Izabela Hager |
| author_facet | Mateusz Sitarz Beata Figiela Michał Łach Kinga Korniejenko Katarzyna Mróz João Castro-Gomes Izabela Hager |
| author_sort | Mateusz Sitarz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two geopolymer foams were prepared from a thermally activated coal gangue containing kaolinite. As the foaming agent, aluminium powder and 36% hydrogen peroxide were used to obtain two levels of porosity. The materials’ high temperature performances were investigated: tensile and compressive strength evolution with temperature. This study shows that the mechanical performances of developed geopolymer foams are similar to foam concrete of the same apparent density. The geopolymer foams from coal gangue present stable mechanical performances up to 600 °C. When the glass transition temperature is achieved, sintering occurs and mechanical performance increases. SEM observations confirm the glass transition and densification of the matrix at temperatures above 800 °C. Moreover, the XRD measurements revealed a high amount of mullite that forms at 1000 °C that explained the observed strength increase. The synthesis of good-quality geopolymer foams from coal gangue and its application as a thermal barrier is feasible. The constant level of porosity and its stable character in the range of temperatures 20–1000 °C ensures stable thermal insulation parameters with increasing temperature, which is extremely important for fire protection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:11:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51b47b3ae6a54d7d8a7ee371307da2b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:11:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-51b47b3ae6a54d7d8a7ee371307da2b02023-11-23T08:10:13ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-05-01159336310.3390/en15093363Mechanical Response of Geopolymer Foams to Heating—Managing Coal Gangue in Fire-Resistant Materials TechnologyMateusz Sitarz0Beata Figiela1Michał Łach2Kinga Korniejenko3Katarzyna Mróz4João Castro-Gomes5Izabela Hager6Chair of Building Materials Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandChair of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Street, 31-864 Cracow, PolandChair of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Street, 31-864 Cracow, PolandChair of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Street, 31-864 Cracow, PolandChair of Building Materials Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandCentre of Materials and Building Technologies (C–MADE), Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Beira Interior (UBI), 6201-001 Covilhã, PortugalChair of Building Materials Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandTwo geopolymer foams were prepared from a thermally activated coal gangue containing kaolinite. As the foaming agent, aluminium powder and 36% hydrogen peroxide were used to obtain two levels of porosity. The materials’ high temperature performances were investigated: tensile and compressive strength evolution with temperature. This study shows that the mechanical performances of developed geopolymer foams are similar to foam concrete of the same apparent density. The geopolymer foams from coal gangue present stable mechanical performances up to 600 °C. When the glass transition temperature is achieved, sintering occurs and mechanical performance increases. SEM observations confirm the glass transition and densification of the matrix at temperatures above 800 °C. Moreover, the XRD measurements revealed a high amount of mullite that forms at 1000 °C that explained the observed strength increase. The synthesis of good-quality geopolymer foams from coal gangue and its application as a thermal barrier is feasible. The constant level of porosity and its stable character in the range of temperatures 20–1000 °C ensures stable thermal insulation parameters with increasing temperature, which is extremely important for fire protection.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3363geopolymerscoal ganguehigh temperaturemechanical performances |
| spellingShingle | Mateusz Sitarz Beata Figiela Michał Łach Kinga Korniejenko Katarzyna Mróz João Castro-Gomes Izabela Hager Mechanical Response of Geopolymer Foams to Heating—Managing Coal Gangue in Fire-Resistant Materials Technology Energies geopolymers coal gangue high temperature mechanical performances |
| title | Mechanical Response of Geopolymer Foams to Heating—Managing Coal Gangue in Fire-Resistant Materials Technology |
| title_full | Mechanical Response of Geopolymer Foams to Heating—Managing Coal Gangue in Fire-Resistant Materials Technology |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical Response of Geopolymer Foams to Heating—Managing Coal Gangue in Fire-Resistant Materials Technology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical Response of Geopolymer Foams to Heating—Managing Coal Gangue in Fire-Resistant Materials Technology |
| title_short | Mechanical Response of Geopolymer Foams to Heating—Managing Coal Gangue in Fire-Resistant Materials Technology |
| title_sort | mechanical response of geopolymer foams to heating managing coal gangue in fire resistant materials technology |
| topic | geopolymers coal gangue high temperature mechanical performances |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3363 |
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