Prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among primary health care workers in Brazil
Health care workers (HCW) are at increased risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from occupational exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The objective was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for LTBI among primary HCW in five Brazilian cities. We conducted a cross-sectional stud...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
2017-12-01
|
| Series: | Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2017001505008&lng=en&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1818611058534776832 |
|---|---|
| author | Thiago Nascimento do Prado Lee W. Riley Mauro Sanchez Geisa Fregona Renata Lyrio Peres Nóbrega Lia Gonçalves Possuelo Eliana Zandonade Rodrigo Leite Locatelli Fernanda Mattos de Souza Jayant V. Rajan Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel |
| author_facet | Thiago Nascimento do Prado Lee W. Riley Mauro Sanchez Geisa Fregona Renata Lyrio Peres Nóbrega Lia Gonçalves Possuelo Eliana Zandonade Rodrigo Leite Locatelli Fernanda Mattos de Souza Jayant V. Rajan Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel |
| author_sort | Thiago Nascimento do Prado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Health care workers (HCW) are at increased risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from occupational exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The objective was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for LTBI among primary HCW in five Brazilian cities. We conducted a cross-sectional study, from 2011 to 2013, among primary HCW, using a structured questionnaire and an evaluated for LTBI using the Quantiferon-TB Gold in-tube test. The magnitude of the associations was assessed using hierarchical logistic regression models. Among 708 HCW, the LTBI prevalence was 27% (n = 196; 95%CI: 24%-31%). We found that the following factors were positively associated with LTBI in primary HCW: age > 50 years (OR = 2.94; 95%CI: 1.44-5.99), absence of a BCG scar (OR = 2.10; 95%CI: 1.28-3.43), self-reported ex-smoker status (OR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.04-3.11), being a nurse (OR = 2.97; 95%CI: 1.13-7.83), being a nurse technician (OR = 3.10; 95%CI: 1.26-7.60), being a community health agent (OR = 2.60; 95%CI: 1.06-6.40), and irregular use of N95 masks (OR = 2.51; 95%CI: 1.11-5.98). In contrast, HCWs who do not work in health care facilities with a TB control program were less likely to have LTBI (OR = 0.66; 95%CI: 0.45-0.97). This study demonstrated a substantial occupational risk of LTBI among primary HCW in Brazil. The Brazilian TB control program, as well as local programs, need to target these high-risk HCW with education, as well as with better personal protective equipment to prevent acquisition of new TB infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T15:24:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51bb840521bf4c4297a0000a5b8af827 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1678-4464 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T15:24:18Z |
| publishDate | 2017-12-01 |
| publisher | Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
| spelling | doaj.art-51bb840521bf4c4297a0000a5b8af8272022-12-21T22:26:32ZengEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo CruzCadernos de Saúde Pública1678-44642017-12-01331210.1590/0102-311x00154916S0102-311X2017001505008Prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among primary health care workers in BrazilThiago Nascimento do PradoLee W. RileyMauro SanchezGeisa FregonaRenata Lyrio Peres NóbregaLia Gonçalves PossueloEliana ZandonadeRodrigo Leite LocatelliFernanda Mattos de SouzaJayant V. RajanEthel Leonor Noia MacielHealth care workers (HCW) are at increased risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from occupational exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The objective was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for LTBI among primary HCW in five Brazilian cities. We conducted a cross-sectional study, from 2011 to 2013, among primary HCW, using a structured questionnaire and an evaluated for LTBI using the Quantiferon-TB Gold in-tube test. The magnitude of the associations was assessed using hierarchical logistic regression models. Among 708 HCW, the LTBI prevalence was 27% (n = 196; 95%CI: 24%-31%). We found that the following factors were positively associated with LTBI in primary HCW: age > 50 years (OR = 2.94; 95%CI: 1.44-5.99), absence of a BCG scar (OR = 2.10; 95%CI: 1.28-3.43), self-reported ex-smoker status (OR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.04-3.11), being a nurse (OR = 2.97; 95%CI: 1.13-7.83), being a nurse technician (OR = 3.10; 95%CI: 1.26-7.60), being a community health agent (OR = 2.60; 95%CI: 1.06-6.40), and irregular use of N95 masks (OR = 2.51; 95%CI: 1.11-5.98). In contrast, HCWs who do not work in health care facilities with a TB control program were less likely to have LTBI (OR = 0.66; 95%CI: 0.45-0.97). This study demonstrated a substantial occupational risk of LTBI among primary HCW in Brazil. The Brazilian TB control program, as well as local programs, need to target these high-risk HCW with education, as well as with better personal protective equipment to prevent acquisition of new TB infection.http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2017001505008&lng=en&tlng=enLatent TuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosisHealth PersonnelOccupational Exposure |
| spellingShingle | Thiago Nascimento do Prado Lee W. Riley Mauro Sanchez Geisa Fregona Renata Lyrio Peres Nóbrega Lia Gonçalves Possuelo Eliana Zandonade Rodrigo Leite Locatelli Fernanda Mattos de Souza Jayant V. Rajan Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel Prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among primary health care workers in Brazil Cadernos de Saúde Pública Latent Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Health Personnel Occupational Exposure |
| title | Prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among primary health care workers in Brazil |
| title_full | Prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among primary health care workers in Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among primary health care workers in Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among primary health care workers in Brazil |
| title_short | Prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among primary health care workers in Brazil |
| title_sort | prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among primary health care workers in brazil |
| topic | Latent Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Health Personnel Occupational Exposure |
| url | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2017001505008&lng=en&tlng=en |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thiagonascimentodoprado prevalenceandriskfactorsforlatenttuberculosisinfectionamongprimaryhealthcareworkersinbrazil AT leewriley prevalenceandriskfactorsforlatenttuberculosisinfectionamongprimaryhealthcareworkersinbrazil AT maurosanchez prevalenceandriskfactorsforlatenttuberculosisinfectionamongprimaryhealthcareworkersinbrazil AT geisafregona prevalenceandriskfactorsforlatenttuberculosisinfectionamongprimaryhealthcareworkersinbrazil AT renatalyrioperesnobrega prevalenceandriskfactorsforlatenttuberculosisinfectionamongprimaryhealthcareworkersinbrazil AT liagoncalvespossuelo prevalenceandriskfactorsforlatenttuberculosisinfectionamongprimaryhealthcareworkersinbrazil AT elianazandonade prevalenceandriskfactorsforlatenttuberculosisinfectionamongprimaryhealthcareworkersinbrazil AT rodrigoleitelocatelli prevalenceandriskfactorsforlatenttuberculosisinfectionamongprimaryhealthcareworkersinbrazil AT fernandamattosdesouza prevalenceandriskfactorsforlatenttuberculosisinfectionamongprimaryhealthcareworkersinbrazil AT jayantvrajan prevalenceandriskfactorsforlatenttuberculosisinfectionamongprimaryhealthcareworkersinbrazil AT ethelleonornoiamaciel prevalenceandriskfactorsforlatenttuberculosisinfectionamongprimaryhealthcareworkersinbrazil |