Cost–Benefit Analysis of a Virtual Power Plant Including Solar PV, Flow Battery, Heat Pump, and Demand Management: A Western Australian Case Study
Achieving the renewable energy integration target will require the extensive engagement of consumers and the private sector in investment and operation of renewable-based energy systems. Virtual power plants are an efficient way to implement this engagement. In this paper, the detailed costs and ben...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/10/2614 |
| _version_ | 1797567358146969600 |
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| author | Behnaz Behi Ali Baniasadi Ali Arefi Arian Gorjy Philip Jennings Almantas Pivrikas |
| author_facet | Behnaz Behi Ali Baniasadi Ali Arefi Arian Gorjy Philip Jennings Almantas Pivrikas |
| author_sort | Behnaz Behi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Achieving the renewable energy integration target will require the extensive engagement of consumers and the private sector in investment and operation of renewable-based energy systems. Virtual power plants are an efficient way to implement this engagement. In this paper, the detailed costs and benefits of implementing a realistic virtual power plant (VPP) in Western Australia, comprising 67 dwellings, are calculated. The VPP is designed to integrate and coordinate rooftop solar photovoltaic panels (PV), vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), heat pump hot water systems (HWSs), and demand management mechanisms. An 810-kW rooftop solar PV system is designed and located using the HelioScope software. The charging and the discharging of a 700-kWh VRFB are scheduled for everyday use over a year using an optimization algorithm, to maximize the benefit of it for the VPP owners and for the residents. The use of heat pump HWSs provides a unique opportunity for the residents to save energy and reduce the total cost of electricity along with demand management on some appliances. The cost-and-benefit analysis shows that the cost of energy will be reduced by 24% per dwelling in the context of the VPP. Moreover, the internal rate of return for the VPP owner is at least 11% with a payback period of about 8.5 years, which is a promising financial outcome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:41:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51c057050c8749eca48ee66490cd1727 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:41:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-51c057050c8749eca48ee66490cd17272023-11-20T01:12:14ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732020-05-011310261410.3390/en13102614Cost–Benefit Analysis of a Virtual Power Plant Including Solar PV, Flow Battery, Heat Pump, and Demand Management: A Western Australian Case StudyBehnaz Behi0Ali Baniasadi1Ali Arefi2Arian Gorjy3Philip Jennings4Almantas Pivrikas5Discipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, AustraliaDiscipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, AustraliaDiscipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, AustraliaYaran Property Group, South Perth 6151, AustraliaDiscipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, AustraliaDiscipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, AustraliaAchieving the renewable energy integration target will require the extensive engagement of consumers and the private sector in investment and operation of renewable-based energy systems. Virtual power plants are an efficient way to implement this engagement. In this paper, the detailed costs and benefits of implementing a realistic virtual power plant (VPP) in Western Australia, comprising 67 dwellings, are calculated. The VPP is designed to integrate and coordinate rooftop solar photovoltaic panels (PV), vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), heat pump hot water systems (HWSs), and demand management mechanisms. An 810-kW rooftop solar PV system is designed and located using the HelioScope software. The charging and the discharging of a 700-kWh VRFB are scheduled for everyday use over a year using an optimization algorithm, to maximize the benefit of it for the VPP owners and for the residents. The use of heat pump HWSs provides a unique opportunity for the residents to save energy and reduce the total cost of electricity along with demand management on some appliances. The cost-and-benefit analysis shows that the cost of energy will be reduced by 24% per dwelling in the context of the VPP. Moreover, the internal rate of return for the VPP owner is at least 11% with a payback period of about 8.5 years, which is a promising financial outcome.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/10/2614photovoltaic generationvirtual power plantflow batterydistribution networkheat pumpdemand side management |
| spellingShingle | Behnaz Behi Ali Baniasadi Ali Arefi Arian Gorjy Philip Jennings Almantas Pivrikas Cost–Benefit Analysis of a Virtual Power Plant Including Solar PV, Flow Battery, Heat Pump, and Demand Management: A Western Australian Case Study Energies photovoltaic generation virtual power plant flow battery distribution network heat pump demand side management |
| title | Cost–Benefit Analysis of a Virtual Power Plant Including Solar PV, Flow Battery, Heat Pump, and Demand Management: A Western Australian Case Study |
| title_full | Cost–Benefit Analysis of a Virtual Power Plant Including Solar PV, Flow Battery, Heat Pump, and Demand Management: A Western Australian Case Study |
| title_fullStr | Cost–Benefit Analysis of a Virtual Power Plant Including Solar PV, Flow Battery, Heat Pump, and Demand Management: A Western Australian Case Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cost–Benefit Analysis of a Virtual Power Plant Including Solar PV, Flow Battery, Heat Pump, and Demand Management: A Western Australian Case Study |
| title_short | Cost–Benefit Analysis of a Virtual Power Plant Including Solar PV, Flow Battery, Heat Pump, and Demand Management: A Western Australian Case Study |
| title_sort | cost benefit analysis of a virtual power plant including solar pv flow battery heat pump and demand management a western australian case study |
| topic | photovoltaic generation virtual power plant flow battery distribution network heat pump demand side management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/10/2614 |
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