The Role of DNA in the Extracellular Environment: A Focus on NETs, RETs and Biofilms
The capacity to actively release genetic material into the extracellular environment has been reported for bacteria, archaea, fungi, and in general, for microbial communities, but it is also described in the context of multicellular organisms, animals and plants. This material is often present in ma...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-12-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.589837/full |
| _version_ | 1818605795587129344 |
|---|---|
| author | Francesco Monticolo Emanuela Palomba Pasquale Termolino Pasquale Chiaiese Elisabetta de Alteriis Stefano Mazzoleni Maria Luisa Chiusano Maria Luisa Chiusano |
| author_facet | Francesco Monticolo Emanuela Palomba Pasquale Termolino Pasquale Chiaiese Elisabetta de Alteriis Stefano Mazzoleni Maria Luisa Chiusano Maria Luisa Chiusano |
| author_sort | Francesco Monticolo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The capacity to actively release genetic material into the extracellular environment has been reported for bacteria, archaea, fungi, and in general, for microbial communities, but it is also described in the context of multicellular organisms, animals and plants. This material is often present in matrices that locate outside the cells. Extracellular matrices have important roles in defense response and disease in microbes, animal and plants cells, appearing as barrier against pathogen invasion or for their recognition. Specifically, neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) in animals and root extracellular traps (RETs) in plants, are recognized to be important players in immunity. A growing amount of evidence revealed that the extracellular DNA, in these contexts, plays an active role in the defense action. Moreover, the protective role of extracellular DNA against antimicrobials and mechanical stress also appears to be confirmed in bacterial biofilms. In parallel, recent efforts highlighted different roles of self (homologous) and non-self (heterologous) extracellular DNA, paving the way to discussions on its role as a “Damage-associated molecular pattern” (DAMP). We here provide an evolutionary overview on extracellular DNA in extracellular matrices like RETs, NETs, and microbial biofilms, discussing on its roles and inferring on possible novel functionalities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T14:00:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51c47d19ebbe48ad9863eea0b337a988 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T14:00:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-51c47d19ebbe48ad9863eea0b337a9882022-12-21T22:29:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2020-12-011110.3389/fpls.2020.589837589837The Role of DNA in the Extracellular Environment: A Focus on NETs, RETs and BiofilmsFrancesco Monticolo0Emanuela Palomba1Pasquale Termolino2Pasquale Chiaiese3Elisabetta de Alteriis4Stefano Mazzoleni5Maria Luisa Chiusano6Maria Luisa Chiusano7Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, ItalyDepartment of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Naples, ItalyInstitute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Portici, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, ItalyDepartment of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Naples, ItalyThe capacity to actively release genetic material into the extracellular environment has been reported for bacteria, archaea, fungi, and in general, for microbial communities, but it is also described in the context of multicellular organisms, animals and plants. This material is often present in matrices that locate outside the cells. Extracellular matrices have important roles in defense response and disease in microbes, animal and plants cells, appearing as barrier against pathogen invasion or for their recognition. Specifically, neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) in animals and root extracellular traps (RETs) in plants, are recognized to be important players in immunity. A growing amount of evidence revealed that the extracellular DNA, in these contexts, plays an active role in the defense action. Moreover, the protective role of extracellular DNA against antimicrobials and mechanical stress also appears to be confirmed in bacterial biofilms. In parallel, recent efforts highlighted different roles of self (homologous) and non-self (heterologous) extracellular DNA, paving the way to discussions on its role as a “Damage-associated molecular pattern” (DAMP). We here provide an evolutionary overview on extracellular DNA in extracellular matrices like RETs, NETs, and microbial biofilms, discussing on its roles and inferring on possible novel functionalities.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.589837/fullself-DNAexDNAextracellular matrixself-DNA inhibitory effectexDNA as a DAMP |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Monticolo Emanuela Palomba Pasquale Termolino Pasquale Chiaiese Elisabetta de Alteriis Stefano Mazzoleni Maria Luisa Chiusano Maria Luisa Chiusano The Role of DNA in the Extracellular Environment: A Focus on NETs, RETs and Biofilms Frontiers in Plant Science self-DNA exDNA extracellular matrix self-DNA inhibitory effect exDNA as a DAMP |
| title | The Role of DNA in the Extracellular Environment: A Focus on NETs, RETs and Biofilms |
| title_full | The Role of DNA in the Extracellular Environment: A Focus on NETs, RETs and Biofilms |
| title_fullStr | The Role of DNA in the Extracellular Environment: A Focus on NETs, RETs and Biofilms |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of DNA in the Extracellular Environment: A Focus on NETs, RETs and Biofilms |
| title_short | The Role of DNA in the Extracellular Environment: A Focus on NETs, RETs and Biofilms |
| title_sort | role of dna in the extracellular environment a focus on nets rets and biofilms |
| topic | self-DNA exDNA extracellular matrix self-DNA inhibitory effect exDNA as a DAMP |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.589837/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT francescomonticolo theroleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT emanuelapalomba theroleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT pasqualetermolino theroleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT pasqualechiaiese theroleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT elisabettadealteriis theroleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT stefanomazzoleni theroleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT marialuisachiusano theroleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT marialuisachiusano theroleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT francescomonticolo roleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT emanuelapalomba roleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT pasqualetermolino roleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT pasqualechiaiese roleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT elisabettadealteriis roleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT stefanomazzoleni roleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT marialuisachiusano roleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms AT marialuisachiusano roleofdnaintheextracellularenvironmentafocusonnetsretsandbiofilms |