Lateralized Declarative-Like Memory for Conditional Spatial Information in Domestic Chicks (<i>Gallus gallus</i>)
Declarative memory is an explicit, long-term memory system, used in generalization and categorization processes and to make inferences and to predict probable outcomes in novel situations. Animals have been proven to possess a similar declarative-like memory system. Here, we investigated declarative...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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author | Maria Loconsole Elena Mascalzoni Jonathan Niall Daisley Massimo De Agrò Giorgio Vallortigara Lucia Regolin |
author_facet | Maria Loconsole Elena Mascalzoni Jonathan Niall Daisley Massimo De Agrò Giorgio Vallortigara Lucia Regolin |
author_sort | Maria Loconsole |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Declarative memory is an explicit, long-term memory system, used in generalization and categorization processes and to make inferences and to predict probable outcomes in novel situations. Animals have been proven to possess a similar declarative-like memory system. Here, we investigated declarative-like memory representations in young chicks, assessing the roles of the two hemispheres in memory recollection. Chicks were exposed for three consecutive days to two different arenas (blue/yellow), where they were presented with two panels, each depicting a different stimulus (cross/square). Only one of the two stimuli was rewarded, i.e., it hid a food reward. The position (left/right) of the rewarded stimulus remained constant within the same arena, but it differed between the two arenas (e.g., reward always on the left in the blue context and on the right in the yellow one). At test, both panels depicted the rewarded stimulus, thus chicks had to remember food position depending on the previously experienced contextual rule. Both binocular and right-eye monocularly-tested chicks correctly located the reward, whereas left-eye monocularly-tested chicks performed at the chance level. We showed that declarative-like memory of integrated information is available at early stages of development, and it is associated with a left hemisphere dominance. |
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institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2073-8994 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:15:06Z |
publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
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series | Symmetry |
spelling | doaj.art-51c4a94fc61e44fda27e8d222a1fa4642023-11-21T20:30:48ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942021-05-0113590610.3390/sym13050906Lateralized Declarative-Like Memory for Conditional Spatial Information in Domestic Chicks (<i>Gallus gallus</i>)Maria Loconsole0Elena Mascalzoni1Jonathan Niall Daisley2Massimo De Agrò3Giorgio Vallortigara4Lucia Regolin5Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, ItalyDepartment of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, ItalyDepartment of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, ItalyDepartment of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, ItalyCentre for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Trento, ItalyDepartment of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, ItalyDeclarative memory is an explicit, long-term memory system, used in generalization and categorization processes and to make inferences and to predict probable outcomes in novel situations. Animals have been proven to possess a similar declarative-like memory system. Here, we investigated declarative-like memory representations in young chicks, assessing the roles of the two hemispheres in memory recollection. Chicks were exposed for three consecutive days to two different arenas (blue/yellow), where they were presented with two panels, each depicting a different stimulus (cross/square). Only one of the two stimuli was rewarded, i.e., it hid a food reward. The position (left/right) of the rewarded stimulus remained constant within the same arena, but it differed between the two arenas (e.g., reward always on the left in the blue context and on the right in the yellow one). At test, both panels depicted the rewarded stimulus, thus chicks had to remember food position depending on the previously experienced contextual rule. Both binocular and right-eye monocularly-tested chicks correctly located the reward, whereas left-eye monocularly-tested chicks performed at the chance level. We showed that declarative-like memory of integrated information is available at early stages of development, and it is associated with a left hemisphere dominance.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/5/906hemispheric dominancebrain lateralizationconditional-spatial memorydeclarative-like memorylong-term memory systemdomestic chick |
spellingShingle | Maria Loconsole Elena Mascalzoni Jonathan Niall Daisley Massimo De Agrò Giorgio Vallortigara Lucia Regolin Lateralized Declarative-Like Memory for Conditional Spatial Information in Domestic Chicks (<i>Gallus gallus</i>) Symmetry hemispheric dominance brain lateralization conditional-spatial memory declarative-like memory long-term memory system domestic chick |
title | Lateralized Declarative-Like Memory for Conditional Spatial Information in Domestic Chicks (<i>Gallus gallus</i>) |
title_full | Lateralized Declarative-Like Memory for Conditional Spatial Information in Domestic Chicks (<i>Gallus gallus</i>) |
title_fullStr | Lateralized Declarative-Like Memory for Conditional Spatial Information in Domestic Chicks (<i>Gallus gallus</i>) |
title_full_unstemmed | Lateralized Declarative-Like Memory for Conditional Spatial Information in Domestic Chicks (<i>Gallus gallus</i>) |
title_short | Lateralized Declarative-Like Memory for Conditional Spatial Information in Domestic Chicks (<i>Gallus gallus</i>) |
title_sort | lateralized declarative like memory for conditional spatial information in domestic chicks i gallus gallus i |
topic | hemispheric dominance brain lateralization conditional-spatial memory declarative-like memory long-term memory system domestic chick |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/5/906 |
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