Effect of acute and long-term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatients
Abstract Background Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. Altered leptin levels are known to be associated with depressive symptoms, however discrepancies in the results of increased or decreased levels exist. Due to vari...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-12-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17362-4 |
| _version_ | 1797387993512673280 |
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| author | Darlene Heinen Andreas Heissel Stephan Heinzel Thomas Fydrich Andreas Ströhle Michael A. Rapp Heike Vogel |
| author_facet | Darlene Heinen Andreas Heissel Stephan Heinzel Thomas Fydrich Andreas Ströhle Michael A. Rapp Heike Vogel |
| author_sort | Darlene Heinen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. Altered leptin levels are known to be associated with depressive symptoms, however discrepancies in the results of increased or decreased levels exist. Due to various limitations associated with commonly used antidepressant drugs, alternatives such as exercise therapy are gaining more importance. Therefore, the current study investigates whether depressed patients have higher leptin levels compared to healthy controls and if exercise is efficient to reduce these levels. Methods Leptin levels of 105 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD; 45.7% female, age mean ± SEM: 39.1 ± 1.0) and 34 healthy controls (HC; 61.8% female, age mean ± SEM: 36.0 ± 2.0) were measured before and after a bicycle ergometer test. Additionally, the MDD group was separated into three groups: two endurance exercise intervention groups (EX) differing in their intensities, and a waiting list control group (WL). Leptin levels were measured pre and post a 12-week exercise intervention or the waiting period. Results Baseline data showed no significant differences in leptin levels between the MDD and HC groups. As expected, correlation analyses displayed significant relations between leptin levels and body weight (HC: r = 0.474, p = 0.005; MDD: r = 0.198, p = 0.043) and even more with body fat content (HC: r = 0.755, p < 0.001; MDD: r = 0.675, p < 0.001). The acute effect of the bicycle ergometer test and the 12-week training intervention showed no significant changes in circulating leptin levels. Conclusion Leptin levels were not altered in patients with major depression compared to healthy controls and exercise, both the acute response and after 12 weeks of endurance training, had no effect on the change in leptin levels. Trial registration The study was registered at the German register for clinical studies (DRKS) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the World Health Organization https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00008869 on 28/07/2015. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:34:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51c4d201014840c5a0be23c9b839090c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:34:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-51c4d201014840c5a0be23c9b839090c2023-12-17T12:32:43ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582023-12-0123111110.1186/s12889-023-17362-4Effect of acute and long-term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatientsDarlene Heinen0Andreas Heissel1Stephan Heinzel2Thomas Fydrich3Andreas Ströhle4Michael A. Rapp5Heike Vogel6Social- and Preventive Medicine, Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of PotsdamSocial- and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Intra-Faculty Unit Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Human Science, and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Research Area Services Research and E-Health, University of PotsdamClinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität BerlinDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinDepartment of Psychology, Humboldt University BerlinSocial- and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Intra-Faculty Unit Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Human Science, and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Research Area Services Research and E-Health, University of PotsdamResearch Group Molecular and Clinical Life Science of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of PotsdamAbstract Background Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. Altered leptin levels are known to be associated with depressive symptoms, however discrepancies in the results of increased or decreased levels exist. Due to various limitations associated with commonly used antidepressant drugs, alternatives such as exercise therapy are gaining more importance. Therefore, the current study investigates whether depressed patients have higher leptin levels compared to healthy controls and if exercise is efficient to reduce these levels. Methods Leptin levels of 105 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD; 45.7% female, age mean ± SEM: 39.1 ± 1.0) and 34 healthy controls (HC; 61.8% female, age mean ± SEM: 36.0 ± 2.0) were measured before and after a bicycle ergometer test. Additionally, the MDD group was separated into three groups: two endurance exercise intervention groups (EX) differing in their intensities, and a waiting list control group (WL). Leptin levels were measured pre and post a 12-week exercise intervention or the waiting period. Results Baseline data showed no significant differences in leptin levels between the MDD and HC groups. As expected, correlation analyses displayed significant relations between leptin levels and body weight (HC: r = 0.474, p = 0.005; MDD: r = 0.198, p = 0.043) and even more with body fat content (HC: r = 0.755, p < 0.001; MDD: r = 0.675, p < 0.001). The acute effect of the bicycle ergometer test and the 12-week training intervention showed no significant changes in circulating leptin levels. Conclusion Leptin levels were not altered in patients with major depression compared to healthy controls and exercise, both the acute response and after 12 weeks of endurance training, had no effect on the change in leptin levels. Trial registration The study was registered at the German register for clinical studies (DRKS) and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the World Health Organization https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00008869 on 28/07/2015.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17362-4DepressionLeptin levelsExerciseBody fat |
| spellingShingle | Darlene Heinen Andreas Heissel Stephan Heinzel Thomas Fydrich Andreas Ströhle Michael A. Rapp Heike Vogel Effect of acute and long-term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatients BMC Public Health Depression Leptin levels Exercise Body fat |
| title | Effect of acute and long-term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatients |
| title_full | Effect of acute and long-term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatients |
| title_fullStr | Effect of acute and long-term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of acute and long-term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatients |
| title_short | Effect of acute and long-term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatients |
| title_sort | effect of acute and long term exercise on leptin levels in depressed outpatients |
| topic | Depression Leptin levels Exercise Body fat |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17362-4 |
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