Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis
Predicting the future behavior of precipitation is of the utmost importance for planning agriculture or water resource management and in designing water structures. Determining the relationships between precipitation and the oceans may enable more accurate predictions. Therefore, oceanic and other p...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/1/99 |
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| author | Umut Sakine Demir Abdullah Cem Koc |
| author_facet | Umut Sakine Demir Abdullah Cem Koc |
| author_sort | Umut Sakine Demir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Predicting the future behavior of precipitation is of the utmost importance for planning agriculture or water resource management and in designing water structures. Determining the relationships between precipitation and the oceans may enable more accurate predictions. Therefore, oceanic and other persistent indices called teleconnection patterns can be used, namely the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The NAO affects the precipitation patterns in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean countries, such as in Turkey. The IOD is related to temperature and precipitation in the Indian Ocean coastal countries and in some areas far from the Indian Ocean. In this study, the effects of the NAO and IOD indices on precipitation in Turkey were investigated by means of cross-spectral analysis between the monthly total precipitation (mm) and monthly NAO and IOD index values. Phase shift values were also calculated for the selected periods and their accuracy was evaluated statistically, using the determination coefficient (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) as performance criteria for the linear model. The results indicated strong correlations for the 13-, 14-, 16-, and 22–23-month periods between the NAO index and precipitation values; and for the 13-, 14-, 16–17-, and 20–21-month periods between the IOD index and precipitation values. After cross-spectral analysis between the NAO and IOD indices and precipitation values, the maximum phase shift values increased as the periods increased, while the maximum phase shift value for each period was almost half of the period value. Moreover, the maximum cross-power spectral density (CPSD) values increased as the periods increased. High CPSD values were observed in the west of Turkey for the NAO and in the east of Turkey for the IOD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:07:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51cc52e5e0d14401aa59d87546fcb1e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:07:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-51cc52e5e0d14401aa59d87546fcb1e52023-12-03T12:52:31ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-01-011219910.3390/atmos12010099Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral AnalysisUmut Sakine Demir0Abdullah Cem Koc1Civil Engineering Department, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20160, TurkeyCivil Engineering Department, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20160, TurkeyPredicting the future behavior of precipitation is of the utmost importance for planning agriculture or water resource management and in designing water structures. Determining the relationships between precipitation and the oceans may enable more accurate predictions. Therefore, oceanic and other persistent indices called teleconnection patterns can be used, namely the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The NAO affects the precipitation patterns in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean countries, such as in Turkey. The IOD is related to temperature and precipitation in the Indian Ocean coastal countries and in some areas far from the Indian Ocean. In this study, the effects of the NAO and IOD indices on precipitation in Turkey were investigated by means of cross-spectral analysis between the monthly total precipitation (mm) and monthly NAO and IOD index values. Phase shift values were also calculated for the selected periods and their accuracy was evaluated statistically, using the determination coefficient (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) as performance criteria for the linear model. The results indicated strong correlations for the 13-, 14-, 16-, and 22–23-month periods between the NAO index and precipitation values; and for the 13-, 14-, 16–17-, and 20–21-month periods between the IOD index and precipitation values. After cross-spectral analysis between the NAO and IOD indices and precipitation values, the maximum phase shift values increased as the periods increased, while the maximum phase shift value for each period was almost half of the period value. Moreover, the maximum cross-power spectral density (CPSD) values increased as the periods increased. High CPSD values were observed in the west of Turkey for the NAO and in the east of Turkey for the IOD.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/1/99NAOIODprecipitationcross-spectral analysisTurkey |
| spellingShingle | Umut Sakine Demir Abdullah Cem Koc Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis Atmosphere NAO IOD precipitation cross-spectral analysis Turkey |
| title | Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis |
| title_full | Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis |
| title_short | Investigation of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Influence on Precipitation in Turkey with Cross-Spectral Analysis |
| title_sort | investigation of the north atlantic oscillation and indian ocean dipole influence on precipitation in turkey with cross spectral analysis |
| topic | NAO IOD precipitation cross-spectral analysis Turkey |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/1/99 |
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