The morphology and incidence of the accessory foramen transversarium in human dried cervical vertebrae as well as their clinical significance in the Eastern Indian population
Background: A characteristic feature of the cervical vertebrae (C1–C7) is the presence of a foramen tranversarium on the transverse process. The cervical vertebrae are the smallest in size as compared to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and are characterized by a foramen in each transverse process,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Asian Journal of Medical Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/AJMS/article/view/43777 |
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| author | Rakesh Ranjan Md. Zahid Hussain Soni Kumari Vijay Kumar Singh Rashmi Prasad |
| author_facet | Rakesh Ranjan Md. Zahid Hussain Soni Kumari Vijay Kumar Singh Rashmi Prasad |
| author_sort | Rakesh Ranjan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: A characteristic feature of the cervical vertebrae (C1–C7) is the presence of a foramen tranversarium on the transverse process. The cervical vertebrae are the smallest in size as compared to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and are characterized by a foramen in each transverse process, which is not found in any other vertebra. Except for the seventh cervical vertebra, which transmits only the vertebral vein, this foramen transmits the vertebral artery, vein, and sympathetic nerves (a branch from the cervicothoracic ganglion) in all cervical vertebrae. Any deviation in the development of the foramen transversarium (FT) causes changes in the course, relationships, and structure (stenosis and lumen narrowing) of the vertebral artery and its associated structures.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to establish the location, shape, size, and incidence of accessory FT in dry human
cervical vertebrae of Eastern Indian population.
Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 dry cervical vertebrae (Typical-123 and Atypical-47) of unknown sex and age after getting approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Range, frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and P value were calculated. P<0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: The foramen tranversarium in the transverse process is present in all 170 cervical vertebrae examined. Of the 170 cervical
vertebrae, the accessory FT is found in 24 (14.12%) of the vertebrae. In both typical and atypical cervical vertebrae, the accessory FT is more common on the right side. On the axis vertebra, no accessory FT was found.
Conclusion: Understanding the accessary FT and the considerable variation in different cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) in terms of their size, shape, and number of FT are essential for routine spine surgical procedures in the cervical region to avoid post-operative complications. This study is also important for the teaching and acknowledgement of undergraduate and postgraduate students in anatomy as well as in orthopedics, neurosurgery, and radiology departments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:12:33Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2467-9100 2091-0576 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:12:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara |
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| series | Asian Journal of Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-51e5c3e3cf894a79806172dd49fdeb202022-12-22T02:06:24ZengManipal College of Medical Sciences, PokharaAsian Journal of Medical Sciences2467-91002091-05762022-08-011384753https://doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i8.43777The morphology and incidence of the accessory foramen transversarium in human dried cervical vertebrae as well as their clinical significance in the Eastern Indian populationRakesh Ranjan 0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0156-5623Md. Zahid Hussain 1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6085-6551Soni Kumari 2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2359-6073Vijay Kumar Singh 3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7919-8800Rashmi Prasad 4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-4822Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Shri Krishna Medical College, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India Tutor, Department of Anatomy, Nalanda Medical College, Bihar, India Tutor, Department of Anatomy, Patna Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India Tutor, Department of Anatomy, Nalanda Medical College, Bihar, India Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Nalanda Medical College, Bihar, India Background: A characteristic feature of the cervical vertebrae (C1–C7) is the presence of a foramen tranversarium on the transverse process. The cervical vertebrae are the smallest in size as compared to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and are characterized by a foramen in each transverse process, which is not found in any other vertebra. Except for the seventh cervical vertebra, which transmits only the vertebral vein, this foramen transmits the vertebral artery, vein, and sympathetic nerves (a branch from the cervicothoracic ganglion) in all cervical vertebrae. Any deviation in the development of the foramen transversarium (FT) causes changes in the course, relationships, and structure (stenosis and lumen narrowing) of the vertebral artery and its associated structures. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to establish the location, shape, size, and incidence of accessory FT in dry human cervical vertebrae of Eastern Indian population. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 dry cervical vertebrae (Typical-123 and Atypical-47) of unknown sex and age after getting approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Range, frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and P value were calculated. P<0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The foramen tranversarium in the transverse process is present in all 170 cervical vertebrae examined. Of the 170 cervical vertebrae, the accessory FT is found in 24 (14.12%) of the vertebrae. In both typical and atypical cervical vertebrae, the accessory FT is more common on the right side. On the axis vertebra, no accessory FT was found. Conclusion: Understanding the accessary FT and the considerable variation in different cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) in terms of their size, shape, and number of FT are essential for routine spine surgical procedures in the cervical region to avoid post-operative complications. This study is also important for the teaching and acknowledgement of undergraduate and postgraduate students in anatomy as well as in orthopedics, neurosurgery, and radiology departments.https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/AJMS/article/view/43777accessary foramen transversarium; foramen transversarium; typical cervical vertebrae; vertebral artery |
| spellingShingle | Rakesh Ranjan Md. Zahid Hussain Soni Kumari Vijay Kumar Singh Rashmi Prasad The morphology and incidence of the accessory foramen transversarium in human dried cervical vertebrae as well as their clinical significance in the Eastern Indian population Asian Journal of Medical Sciences accessary foramen transversarium; foramen transversarium; typical cervical vertebrae; vertebral artery |
| title | The morphology and incidence of the accessory foramen transversarium in human dried cervical vertebrae as well as their clinical significance in the Eastern Indian population |
| title_full | The morphology and incidence of the accessory foramen transversarium in human dried cervical vertebrae as well as their clinical significance in the Eastern Indian population |
| title_fullStr | The morphology and incidence of the accessory foramen transversarium in human dried cervical vertebrae as well as their clinical significance in the Eastern Indian population |
| title_full_unstemmed | The morphology and incidence of the accessory foramen transversarium in human dried cervical vertebrae as well as their clinical significance in the Eastern Indian population |
| title_short | The morphology and incidence of the accessory foramen transversarium in human dried cervical vertebrae as well as their clinical significance in the Eastern Indian population |
| title_sort | morphology and incidence of the accessory foramen transversarium in human dried cervical vertebrae as well as their clinical significance in the eastern indian population |
| topic | accessary foramen transversarium; foramen transversarium; typical cervical vertebrae; vertebral artery |
| url | https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/AJMS/article/view/43777 |
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