Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil: Sources, fate, and remediation
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are being widely investigated for their distribution and remediation in the environment. It is crucial to consider the interactions of PFAS between soil and the other media in the ecosystem, including air, water, and plants, when studying their fate and tra...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Soil & Environmental Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949919423000043 |
| _version_ | 1797347007427248128 |
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| author | Yifei Wang Umar Munir Qingguo Huang |
| author_facet | Yifei Wang Umar Munir Qingguo Huang |
| author_sort | Yifei Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are being widely investigated for their distribution and remediation in the environment. It is crucial to consider the interactions of PFAS between soil and the other media in the ecosystem, including air, water, and plants, when studying their fate and transport in soil, while few studies have taken such an integrative approach. This review examined the potential input of PFAS to soil from air, water, and landfill by analyzing both the PFAS concentration in each source and the mechanisms by which a soil is impacted by PFAS from these sources. It was found that PFAS in air (on average 101−2 pg/m3) and landfill leachates (on average 100-2 ng/L) are the main sources of PFAS in soil. Many factors, such as solution pH and cations, influence sorption and desorption of PFAS in the water-soil interface, but no single factor is deterministic. The migration of PFAS from soil to plant through root uptake was found in many plant species, including wheat and maize, and the effects vary with different PFAS and plant species. PFAS levels in soil were associated with land-use type. They were the highest in the primary exposure sites (10−1-102 ng/g), followed by secondary exposure sites (10−1-101 ng/g), and background sites (10−2-101 ng/g), with legacy PFAS- PFOA (100-1 ng/g) and PFOS (100-2 ng/g) as the most predominant. There are a few promising destructive technologies targeted at PFAS in soil, such as thermal treatment and ultrasound, but still need to overcome low efficiency and high cost to scale up. In the meantime, PFAS may either be immobilized in soil or be removed for ex-situ treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:40:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51e986f925ae41e5934fb3a82d60ab33 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2949-9194 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:40:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Soil & Environmental Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-51e986f925ae41e5934fb3a82d60ab332024-01-25T05:25:05ZengElsevierSoil & Environmental Health2949-91942023-03-0111100004Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil: Sources, fate, and remediationYifei Wang0Umar Munir1Qingguo Huang2Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, USADepartment of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, USACorresponding author.; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, USAPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are being widely investigated for their distribution and remediation in the environment. It is crucial to consider the interactions of PFAS between soil and the other media in the ecosystem, including air, water, and plants, when studying their fate and transport in soil, while few studies have taken such an integrative approach. This review examined the potential input of PFAS to soil from air, water, and landfill by analyzing both the PFAS concentration in each source and the mechanisms by which a soil is impacted by PFAS from these sources. It was found that PFAS in air (on average 101−2 pg/m3) and landfill leachates (on average 100-2 ng/L) are the main sources of PFAS in soil. Many factors, such as solution pH and cations, influence sorption and desorption of PFAS in the water-soil interface, but no single factor is deterministic. The migration of PFAS from soil to plant through root uptake was found in many plant species, including wheat and maize, and the effects vary with different PFAS and plant species. PFAS levels in soil were associated with land-use type. They were the highest in the primary exposure sites (10−1-102 ng/g), followed by secondary exposure sites (10−1-101 ng/g), and background sites (10−2-101 ng/g), with legacy PFAS- PFOA (100-1 ng/g) and PFOS (100-2 ng/g) as the most predominant. There are a few promising destructive technologies targeted at PFAS in soil, such as thermal treatment and ultrasound, but still need to overcome low efficiency and high cost to scale up. In the meantime, PFAS may either be immobilized in soil or be removed for ex-situ treatment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949919423000043Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substancesAir depositionPhase transferLandfill leachateRoot uptakeSoil concentration |
| spellingShingle | Yifei Wang Umar Munir Qingguo Huang Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil: Sources, fate, and remediation Soil & Environmental Health Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances Air deposition Phase transfer Landfill leachate Root uptake Soil concentration |
| title | Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil: Sources, fate, and remediation |
| title_full | Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil: Sources, fate, and remediation |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil: Sources, fate, and remediation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil: Sources, fate, and remediation |
| title_short | Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil: Sources, fate, and remediation |
| title_sort | occurrence of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances pfas in soil sources fate and remediation |
| topic | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances Air deposition Phase transfer Landfill leachate Root uptake Soil concentration |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949919423000043 |
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