| Summary: | Novel bovine serum albumin (BSA)-gold nanoclusters with garlic extract modifications (<i>mw</i>_G-BSA-AuNCs) were prepared through microwave-assisted rapid synthesis. The modified nanoclusters were characterized and used for the simple and sensitive detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions. Both turn-on and turn-off methods were used and compared for Pb<sup>2+</sup> ion detection. For Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions, the preparation time for the modified nanoclusters was 10 min, and the detection time for the nanoclusters was 6 min. The modified nanoclusters were stable, and their fluorescence intensities changed by less than 10% in 60 days. The detection limit and linear range for the “off-on” method of <i>mw</i>_G-BSA-AuNCs for Pb<sup>2+</sup> ion detection were 0.28 and 1−20 nM, respectively. The recoveries of the <i>mw</i>_G-BSA-AuNCs probe used for the detection of the Pb(II) ion in tap water ranged from 93.8% to 102.2%, with an average of 97.1%. The “off-on” method of <i>mw</i>_G-BSA-AuNCs can provide a lower detection limit, higher selectivity, and better recovery than the commonly used “turn-off” methods of <i>mw</i>_BSA-AuNCs for Pb<sup>2+</sup> ion detection. The proposed method is superior to other methods proposed from 2018 to 2019 because it can provide a shorter preparation time and a lower detection limit with good selectivity. The microwave-assisted novel compound, <i>mw</i>_G-BSA-AuNCs, can be rapidly synthesized in a green manner and can provide a low detection limit, good selectivity, and a simple and fast reaction for Pb<sup>2+</sup> ion detection.
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