Saliva as Alternative Specimen for Measuring Inflammatory Markers Interleukins (IL10, IL-4, and IL-1β) in Association with Disease Severity among COVID-19 Patients
Background: Saliva is a specimen that is easily collected by non-invasive means and does not require well-trained staff; it could be helpful in measuring inflammatory markers to determine COVID-19 severity. The aim of this study was to investigate saliva as an alternative specimen for measuring infl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
International Medical Research and Development Corporation
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Biomedicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.ijbm.org/articles/i50/ijbm_13(2)_oa6.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797807377585537024 |
|---|---|
| author | Samia M. Ahmed Tariq E. Elmissbah Ammar A. Bayoumi Maha Ibrahim Elshibli M. Elshibli Amin O. Abbas Sannaa M. A Osman |
| author_facet | Samia M. Ahmed Tariq E. Elmissbah Ammar A. Bayoumi Maha Ibrahim Elshibli M. Elshibli Amin O. Abbas Sannaa M. A Osman |
| author_sort | Samia M. Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Saliva is a specimen that is easily collected by non-invasive means and does not require well-trained staff; it could be helpful in measuring inflammatory markers to determine COVID-19 severity. The aim of this study was to investigate saliva as an alternative specimen for measuring inflammatory markers IL-10, IL-4, and IL-1β among COVID-19 patients in relation to disease severity.
Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study was conducted among COVID-19 patients in a fever clinic, isolated hotels, and hospitals providing care for positive COVID-19 patients and in public health centers for negative control patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 151 subjects participated in this study, including 101 patients with COVID-19 and 50 healthy controls. Patients with COVID-19 were categorized according to the severity of their symptoms into mild (n=50) and severe cases (n=51). The salivary concentrations of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-1β were measured using sandwich MyBioSource ELISA Test Kits.
The age of the study population ranged from 19 to 70 years old, with a mean age of 43.3±13.0 years. The distribution of the study population showed that more of the patients were men (65[64.4%]) than women (36[35.6%]) (P=0.004). The frequency of severe infection in men was higher than in women (35[68.6%] and 16[31.4%], respectively, P=0.008). The group of severe cases was significantly older than the group of mild cases (47.9±11.03 years and 38.64±13.82 years, respectively, P=0.0007). The volume of saliva was the smallest in severe COVID-19, compared to mild cases and controls (P=0.0000 in all cases). The salivary levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-1β were greater in the severe cases than in mild cases and controls (46.14±11.61 pg/mL, 12.86±1.99 pg/mL, and 27.45±11.47 pg/mL versus 19.31±5.72 pg/mL, 7.96±2.12 pg/mL, and 6.59±1.90 pg/mL, respectively; P=0.0000 in all cases). The salivary levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in mild cases were greater than in controls (19.31±5.72 pg/mL and 7.96±2.12 pg/mL versus 15.30±4.36 pg/mL and 6.02±0.89 pg/mL, respectively; P=0.0329 and P=0.000, respectively), but salivary IL-1β levels in mild cases did not differ from controls (6.59±1.90 pg/mL vs. 6.03±2.28 pg/mL, P=0.9129).
Conclusion: Saliva could be used as an alternative sample in measuring IL-10, IL-4, and IL-1β with the suggestion of using IL-10 and IL-4 as markers for predicting disease severity.
|
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:21:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51feca6f00b348408bd8bbb2d3289687 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2158-0510 2158-0529 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T06:21:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | International Medical Research and Development Corporation |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Biomedicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-51feca6f00b348408bd8bbb2d32896872023-06-09T17:44:29ZengInternational Medical Research and Development CorporationInternational Journal of Biomedicine2158-05102158-05292023-06-0113224124410.21103/Article13(2)_OA6Saliva as Alternative Specimen for Measuring Inflammatory Markers Interleukins (IL10, IL-4, and IL-1β) in Association with Disease Severity among COVID-19 PatientsSamia M. Ahmed0Tariq E. Elmissbah1Ammar A. Bayoumi2Maha Ibrahim3Elshibli M. Elshibli4Amin O. Abbas5Sannaa M. A Osman6Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi ArabiaMedical Scientific Foundation for Research & Development, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaMedical Scientific Foundation for Research & Development, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaAlneelain Stem Cell Center (ASCC), Alneelain University, Khartoum, SudanDepartment of Clinical medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alrayan Colleges, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology. Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, AlZaiem AlAzhari University, Khartoum, Sudan Background: Saliva is a specimen that is easily collected by non-invasive means and does not require well-trained staff; it could be helpful in measuring inflammatory markers to determine COVID-19 severity. The aim of this study was to investigate saliva as an alternative specimen for measuring inflammatory markers IL-10, IL-4, and IL-1β among COVID-19 patients in relation to disease severity. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study was conducted among COVID-19 patients in a fever clinic, isolated hotels, and hospitals providing care for positive COVID-19 patients and in public health centers for negative control patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 151 subjects participated in this study, including 101 patients with COVID-19 and 50 healthy controls. Patients with COVID-19 were categorized according to the severity of their symptoms into mild (n=50) and severe cases (n=51). The salivary concentrations of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-1β were measured using sandwich MyBioSource ELISA Test Kits. The age of the study population ranged from 19 to 70 years old, with a mean age of 43.3±13.0 years. The distribution of the study population showed that more of the patients were men (65[64.4%]) than women (36[35.6%]) (P=0.004). The frequency of severe infection in men was higher than in women (35[68.6%] and 16[31.4%], respectively, P=0.008). The group of severe cases was significantly older than the group of mild cases (47.9±11.03 years and 38.64±13.82 years, respectively, P=0.0007). The volume of saliva was the smallest in severe COVID-19, compared to mild cases and controls (P=0.0000 in all cases). The salivary levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-1β were greater in the severe cases than in mild cases and controls (46.14±11.61 pg/mL, 12.86±1.99 pg/mL, and 27.45±11.47 pg/mL versus 19.31±5.72 pg/mL, 7.96±2.12 pg/mL, and 6.59±1.90 pg/mL, respectively; P=0.0000 in all cases). The salivary levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in mild cases were greater than in controls (19.31±5.72 pg/mL and 7.96±2.12 pg/mL versus 15.30±4.36 pg/mL and 6.02±0.89 pg/mL, respectively; P=0.0329 and P=0.000, respectively), but salivary IL-1β levels in mild cases did not differ from controls (6.59±1.90 pg/mL vs. 6.03±2.28 pg/mL, P=0.9129). Conclusion: Saliva could be used as an alternative sample in measuring IL-10, IL-4, and IL-1β with the suggestion of using IL-10 and IL-4 as markers for predicting disease severity. http://www.ijbm.org/articles/i50/ijbm_13(2)_oa6.pdfcovid-19salivail-4il-10il-1β |
| spellingShingle | Samia M. Ahmed Tariq E. Elmissbah Ammar A. Bayoumi Maha Ibrahim Elshibli M. Elshibli Amin O. Abbas Sannaa M. A Osman Saliva as Alternative Specimen for Measuring Inflammatory Markers Interleukins (IL10, IL-4, and IL-1β) in Association with Disease Severity among COVID-19 Patients International Journal of Biomedicine covid-19 saliva il-4 il-10 il-1β |
| title | Saliva as Alternative Specimen for Measuring Inflammatory Markers Interleukins (IL10, IL-4, and IL-1β) in Association with Disease Severity among COVID-19 Patients |
| title_full | Saliva as Alternative Specimen for Measuring Inflammatory Markers Interleukins (IL10, IL-4, and IL-1β) in Association with Disease Severity among COVID-19 Patients |
| title_fullStr | Saliva as Alternative Specimen for Measuring Inflammatory Markers Interleukins (IL10, IL-4, and IL-1β) in Association with Disease Severity among COVID-19 Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Saliva as Alternative Specimen for Measuring Inflammatory Markers Interleukins (IL10, IL-4, and IL-1β) in Association with Disease Severity among COVID-19 Patients |
| title_short | Saliva as Alternative Specimen for Measuring Inflammatory Markers Interleukins (IL10, IL-4, and IL-1β) in Association with Disease Severity among COVID-19 Patients |
| title_sort | saliva as alternative specimen for measuring inflammatory markers interleukins il10 il 4 and il 1β in association with disease severity among covid 19 patients |
| topic | covid-19 saliva il-4 il-10 il-1β |
| url | http://www.ijbm.org/articles/i50/ijbm_13(2)_oa6.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT samiamahmed salivaasalternativespecimenformeasuringinflammatorymarkersinterleukinsil10il4andil1binassociationwithdiseaseseverityamongcovid19patients AT tariqeelmissbah salivaasalternativespecimenformeasuringinflammatorymarkersinterleukinsil10il4andil1binassociationwithdiseaseseverityamongcovid19patients AT ammarabayoumi salivaasalternativespecimenformeasuringinflammatorymarkersinterleukinsil10il4andil1binassociationwithdiseaseseverityamongcovid19patients AT mahaibrahim salivaasalternativespecimenformeasuringinflammatorymarkersinterleukinsil10il4andil1binassociationwithdiseaseseverityamongcovid19patients AT elshiblimelshibli salivaasalternativespecimenformeasuringinflammatorymarkersinterleukinsil10il4andil1binassociationwithdiseaseseverityamongcovid19patients AT aminoabbas salivaasalternativespecimenformeasuringinflammatorymarkersinterleukinsil10il4andil1binassociationwithdiseaseseverityamongcovid19patients AT sannaamaosman salivaasalternativespecimenformeasuringinflammatorymarkersinterleukinsil10il4andil1binassociationwithdiseaseseverityamongcovid19patients |