Impact of Climate Change on Norway Spruce Flowering in the Southern Part of the Western Carpathians
This work presents the impact of climate change on full flowering (BBCH 65) in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] at 54 phenological stations over two 30-year-long periods, from 1961 to 1990 and from 1991 to 2020. The stations were located in 10 protected areas (protected landscape area, nation...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.865471/full |
| _version_ | 1818194401896169472 |
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| author | Jana Škvareninová Ivan Mrekaj Ivan Mrekaj |
| author_facet | Jana Škvareninová Ivan Mrekaj Ivan Mrekaj |
| author_sort | Jana Škvareninová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work presents the impact of climate change on full flowering (BBCH 65) in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] at 54 phenological stations over two 30-year-long periods, from 1961 to 1990 and from 1991 to 2020. The stations were located in 10 protected areas (protected landscape area, national park) at elevations from 390 to 1,400 m a.s.l. We analyzed the changes in average onset of full flowering, trends of the phase, phenological altitudinal gradient, and correlations of flowering to monthly climatological standard normals of air temperature and sum of precipitation. The impact of climate change was observed in the second period, when flowering started 4–8 days earlier. The phenophase was shortened by 4 days in comparison to the first period, and the shift of the significant trend occurred 7 days earlier. The phenological altitudinal gradient did not substantially change. The analysis of the temperature impact on flowering showed an effect of the cold period preceding the onset of the phenological phase on its delayed onset. The change in January temperatures between periods indicated warming by 1.24–1.34°C. The change also occurred in the evaluation of the 3-month period when the spring air temperature increased. The mean 3-month air temperature (January–March) increased by 0.82–1.1°C in the second period. It was more substantial at lower elevations. The most significant changes in precipitation conditions were observed by the increase in precipitation in March and by the decrease in precipitation between the observed periods in April. The results of all indicators for Norway spruce flowering in the second period indicated changes in climatic conditions in the region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T01:01:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-520391a9a2894cc1876efdfb48b3990a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-701X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T01:01:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-520391a9a2894cc1876efdfb48b3990a2022-12-22T00:43:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2022-05-011010.3389/fevo.2022.865471865471Impact of Climate Change on Norway Spruce Flowering in the Southern Part of the Western CarpathiansJana Škvareninová0Ivan Mrekaj1Ivan Mrekaj2Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Science, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, SlovakiaFaculty of Ecology and Environmental Science, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, SlovakiaSlovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Bratislava, SlovakiaThis work presents the impact of climate change on full flowering (BBCH 65) in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] at 54 phenological stations over two 30-year-long periods, from 1961 to 1990 and from 1991 to 2020. The stations were located in 10 protected areas (protected landscape area, national park) at elevations from 390 to 1,400 m a.s.l. We analyzed the changes in average onset of full flowering, trends of the phase, phenological altitudinal gradient, and correlations of flowering to monthly climatological standard normals of air temperature and sum of precipitation. The impact of climate change was observed in the second period, when flowering started 4–8 days earlier. The phenophase was shortened by 4 days in comparison to the first period, and the shift of the significant trend occurred 7 days earlier. The phenological altitudinal gradient did not substantially change. The analysis of the temperature impact on flowering showed an effect of the cold period preceding the onset of the phenological phase on its delayed onset. The change in January temperatures between periods indicated warming by 1.24–1.34°C. The change also occurred in the evaluation of the 3-month period when the spring air temperature increased. The mean 3-month air temperature (January–March) increased by 0.82–1.1°C in the second period. It was more substantial at lower elevations. The most significant changes in precipitation conditions were observed by the increase in precipitation in March and by the decrease in precipitation between the observed periods in April. The results of all indicators for Norway spruce flowering in the second period indicated changes in climatic conditions in the region.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.865471/fullclimate changephenologyNorway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]protected areasSlovakia |
| spellingShingle | Jana Škvareninová Ivan Mrekaj Ivan Mrekaj Impact of Climate Change on Norway Spruce Flowering in the Southern Part of the Western Carpathians Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution climate change phenology Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] protected areas Slovakia |
| title | Impact of Climate Change on Norway Spruce Flowering in the Southern Part of the Western Carpathians |
| title_full | Impact of Climate Change on Norway Spruce Flowering in the Southern Part of the Western Carpathians |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Climate Change on Norway Spruce Flowering in the Southern Part of the Western Carpathians |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Climate Change on Norway Spruce Flowering in the Southern Part of the Western Carpathians |
| title_short | Impact of Climate Change on Norway Spruce Flowering in the Southern Part of the Western Carpathians |
| title_sort | impact of climate change on norway spruce flowering in the southern part of the western carpathians |
| topic | climate change phenology Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] protected areas Slovakia |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2022.865471/full |
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