A Multi-Scale Virtual Terrain for Hierarchically Structured Non-Location Data
Metaphor are commonly used rhetorical devices in linguistics. Among the various types, spatial metaphors are relatively common because of their intuitive and sensible nature. There are also many studies that use spatial metaphors to express non-location data in the field of visualization. For instan...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/6/379 |
| _version_ | 1797531441588862976 |
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| author | Rui Xin Tinghua Ai Ruoxin Zhu Bo Ai Min Yang Liqiu Meng |
| author_facet | Rui Xin Tinghua Ai Ruoxin Zhu Bo Ai Min Yang Liqiu Meng |
| author_sort | Rui Xin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metaphor are commonly used rhetorical devices in linguistics. Among the various types, spatial metaphors are relatively common because of their intuitive and sensible nature. There are also many studies that use spatial metaphors to express non-location data in the field of visualization. For instance, some virtual terrains can be built based on computer technologies and visualization methods. In virtual terrains, the original abstract data can obtain specific positions, shapes, colors, etc. and people’s visual and image thinking can play a role. In addition, the theories and methods used in the space field could be applied to help people observe and analyze abstract data. However, current research has limited the use of these space theories and methods. For instance, many existing map theories and methods are not well combined. In addition, it is difficult to fully display data in virtual terrains, such as showing the structure and relationship at the same time. Facing the above problems, this study takes hierarchical data as the research object and expresses both the data structure and relationship from a spatial perspective. First, the conversion from high-dimensional non-location data to two-dimensional discrete points is achieved by a dimensionality reduction algorithm to reflect the data relationship. Based on this, kernel density estimation interpolation and fractal noise algorithms are used to construct terrain features in the virtual terrains. Under the control of the kernel density search radius and noise proportion, a multi-scale terrain model is built with the help of level of detail (LOD) technology to express the hierarchical structure and support the multi-scale analysis of data. Finally, experiments with actual data are carried out to verify the proposed method. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:43:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-520694eab5ea43208e3c2cf78f6873a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2220-9964 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:43:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| spelling | doaj.art-520694eab5ea43208e3c2cf78f6873a62023-11-21T22:42:35ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642021-06-0110637910.3390/ijgi10060379A Multi-Scale Virtual Terrain for Hierarchically Structured Non-Location DataRui Xin0Tinghua Ai1Ruoxin Zhu2Bo Ai3Min Yang4Liqiu Meng5College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaSchool of Resource and Environment Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi’an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollege of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaSchool of Resource and Environment Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaChair of Cartography, Technical University of Munich, 80333 München, GermanyMetaphor are commonly used rhetorical devices in linguistics. Among the various types, spatial metaphors are relatively common because of their intuitive and sensible nature. There are also many studies that use spatial metaphors to express non-location data in the field of visualization. For instance, some virtual terrains can be built based on computer technologies and visualization methods. In virtual terrains, the original abstract data can obtain specific positions, shapes, colors, etc. and people’s visual and image thinking can play a role. In addition, the theories and methods used in the space field could be applied to help people observe and analyze abstract data. However, current research has limited the use of these space theories and methods. For instance, many existing map theories and methods are not well combined. In addition, it is difficult to fully display data in virtual terrains, such as showing the structure and relationship at the same time. Facing the above problems, this study takes hierarchical data as the research object and expresses both the data structure and relationship from a spatial perspective. First, the conversion from high-dimensional non-location data to two-dimensional discrete points is achieved by a dimensionality reduction algorithm to reflect the data relationship. Based on this, kernel density estimation interpolation and fractal noise algorithms are used to construct terrain features in the virtual terrains. Under the control of the kernel density search radius and noise proportion, a multi-scale terrain model is built with the help of level of detail (LOD) technology to express the hierarchical structure and support the multi-scale analysis of data. Finally, experiments with actual data are carried out to verify the proposed method.https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/6/379virtual terrainmap-like visualizationmap metaphornon-location hierarchical datamulti-scale representation |
| spellingShingle | Rui Xin Tinghua Ai Ruoxin Zhu Bo Ai Min Yang Liqiu Meng A Multi-Scale Virtual Terrain for Hierarchically Structured Non-Location Data ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information virtual terrain map-like visualization map metaphor non-location hierarchical data multi-scale representation |
| title | A Multi-Scale Virtual Terrain for Hierarchically Structured Non-Location Data |
| title_full | A Multi-Scale Virtual Terrain for Hierarchically Structured Non-Location Data |
| title_fullStr | A Multi-Scale Virtual Terrain for Hierarchically Structured Non-Location Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Multi-Scale Virtual Terrain for Hierarchically Structured Non-Location Data |
| title_short | A Multi-Scale Virtual Terrain for Hierarchically Structured Non-Location Data |
| title_sort | multi scale virtual terrain for hierarchically structured non location data |
| topic | virtual terrain map-like visualization map metaphor non-location hierarchical data multi-scale representation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/6/379 |
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