COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview of Different Platforms
Vaccination is one of the key strategies to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to evaluate the current state of vaccine development and to determine the issues that merit additional research. We conducted a literature review of the development of COVID-19 vaccines, their effectiveness, and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/9/2/72 |
| _version_ | 1797482663623262208 |
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| author | Dmitry Kudlay Andrey Svistunov |
| author_facet | Dmitry Kudlay Andrey Svistunov |
| author_sort | Dmitry Kudlay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vaccination is one of the key strategies to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to evaluate the current state of vaccine development and to determine the issues that merit additional research. We conducted a literature review of the development of COVID-19 vaccines, their effectiveness, and their use in special patient groups. To date, 140 vaccines are in clinical development. Vector, RNA, subunit, and inactivated vaccines, as well as DNA vaccines, have been approved for human use. Vector vaccines have been well studied prior to the COVID-19 pandemic; however, their long-term efficacy and approaches to scaling up their production remain questionable. The main challenge for RNA vaccines is to improve their stability during production, storage, and transportation. For inactivated vaccines, the key issue is to improve their immunogenicity and effectiveness. To date, it has been shown that the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines directly correlates with their clinical efficacy. In view of the constant mutation, the emerging new SARS-CoV-2 variants have been shown to be able to partially escape post-vaccination immune response; however, most vaccines remain sufficiently effective regardless of the variant of the virus. One of the promising strategies to improve the effectiveness of vaccination, which is being studied, is the use of different platforms within a single vaccination course. Despite significant progress in the development and study of COVID-19 vaccines, there are many issues that require further research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:35:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52090d74bd5b4802bf1a5fcbb5aabe22 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:35:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-52090d74bd5b4802bf1a5fcbb5aabe222023-11-23T18:48:39ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542022-02-01927210.3390/bioengineering9020072COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview of Different PlatformsDmitry Kudlay0Andrey Svistunov1Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, Building 2, 119991 Moscow, RussiaI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, Building 2, 119991 Moscow, RussiaVaccination is one of the key strategies to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to evaluate the current state of vaccine development and to determine the issues that merit additional research. We conducted a literature review of the development of COVID-19 vaccines, their effectiveness, and their use in special patient groups. To date, 140 vaccines are in clinical development. Vector, RNA, subunit, and inactivated vaccines, as well as DNA vaccines, have been approved for human use. Vector vaccines have been well studied prior to the COVID-19 pandemic; however, their long-term efficacy and approaches to scaling up their production remain questionable. The main challenge for RNA vaccines is to improve their stability during production, storage, and transportation. For inactivated vaccines, the key issue is to improve their immunogenicity and effectiveness. To date, it has been shown that the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines directly correlates with their clinical efficacy. In view of the constant mutation, the emerging new SARS-CoV-2 variants have been shown to be able to partially escape post-vaccination immune response; however, most vaccines remain sufficiently effective regardless of the variant of the virus. One of the promising strategies to improve the effectiveness of vaccination, which is being studied, is the use of different platforms within a single vaccination course. Despite significant progress in the development and study of COVID-19 vaccines, there are many issues that require further research.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/9/2/72vaccinepreventionvectormRNApeptidesCOVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Dmitry Kudlay Andrey Svistunov COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview of Different Platforms Bioengineering vaccine prevention vector mRNA peptides COVID-19 |
| title | COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview of Different Platforms |
| title_full | COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview of Different Platforms |
| title_fullStr | COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview of Different Platforms |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview of Different Platforms |
| title_short | COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview of Different Platforms |
| title_sort | covid 19 vaccines an overview of different platforms |
| topic | vaccine prevention vector mRNA peptides COVID-19 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/9/2/72 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dmitrykudlay covid19vaccinesanoverviewofdifferentplatforms AT andreysvistunov covid19vaccinesanoverviewofdifferentplatforms |