The global diet quality score as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality – a nation-wide representative study
Abstract Background The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) was developed to be a simple, timely and cost-effective tool to track, simultaneously, nutritional deficiency and non-communicable disease risks from diet in diverse settings. The objective was to investigate the performance of GDQS as an indi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrition Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-024-00949-x |
| _version_ | 1797199604935032832 |
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| author | Marina M. Norde Sabri Bromage Dirce M. L. Marchioni Ana Carolina Vasques Megan Deitchler Joanne Arsenaut Aline M. de Carvalho Lício Velloso Walter Willett Edward Giovannucci Bruno Geloneze |
| author_facet | Marina M. Norde Sabri Bromage Dirce M. L. Marchioni Ana Carolina Vasques Megan Deitchler Joanne Arsenaut Aline M. de Carvalho Lício Velloso Walter Willett Edward Giovannucci Bruno Geloneze |
| author_sort | Marina M. Norde |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) was developed to be a simple, timely and cost-effective tool to track, simultaneously, nutritional deficiency and non-communicable disease risks from diet in diverse settings. The objective was to investigate the performance of GDQS as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality in a national-representative sample of the Brazilian population. Methods Nationally-representative data from 44,744 men and non-pregnant and non-lactating women aging ≥ 10 years, from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey were used. Dietary data were collected through two 24-h recalls (24HR). The GDQS was calculated and compared to a proxy indicator of nutrient adequate intake (the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women—MDD-W) and to an indicator of high-risk diet for non-communicable diseases (caloric contribution from ultra-processed foods—UPF). To estimate the odds for overall nutrient inadequacy across MDD-W and GDQS quintiles, a multiple logistic regression was applied, and the two metrics’ performances were compared using Wald’s post-test. Results The mean GDQS for Brazilians was 14.5 (0–49 possible range), and only 1% of the population had a low-risk diet (GDQS ≥ 23). The GDQS mean was higher in women, elderly individuals and in higher-income households. An inverse correlation was found between the GDQS and UPF (rho (95% CI) = -0.20(-0.21;-0.19)). The odds for nutrient inadequacy were lower as quintiles of GDQS and MDD-W were higher (p-trend < 0.001), and MDD-W had a slightly better performance than GDQS (p-diff < 0.001). Having a low-risk GDQS (≥ 23) lowered the odds for nutrient inadequacy by 74% (95% CI:63%-81%). Conclusion The GDQS is a good indicator of overall nutrient adequacy, and correlates well with UPF in a nationally representative sample of Brazil. Future studies must investigate the relationship between the GDQS and clinical endpoints, strengthening the recommendation to use this metric to surveillance dietary risks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:18:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-521395bf6d0c4db7b44dc27493e327d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2891 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:18:24Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrition Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-521395bf6d0c4db7b44dc27493e327d42024-04-21T11:09:54ZengBMCNutrition Journal1475-28912024-04-0123111410.1186/s12937-024-00949-xThe global diet quality score as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality – a nation-wide representative studyMarina M. Norde0Sabri Bromage1Dirce M. L. Marchioni2Ana Carolina Vasques3Megan Deitchler4Joanne Arsenaut5Aline M. de Carvalho6Lício Velloso7Walter Willett8Edward Giovannucci9Bruno Geloneze10Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of CampinasInstitute of Nutrition, Mahidol UniversityDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health of the University of Sao PauloObesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of CampinasIntake-Center for Dietary Assessment, FHI 360Intake-Center for Dietary Assessment, FHI 360Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health of the University of Sao PauloObesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of CampinasDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthObesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of CampinasAbstract Background The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) was developed to be a simple, timely and cost-effective tool to track, simultaneously, nutritional deficiency and non-communicable disease risks from diet in diverse settings. The objective was to investigate the performance of GDQS as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality in a national-representative sample of the Brazilian population. Methods Nationally-representative data from 44,744 men and non-pregnant and non-lactating women aging ≥ 10 years, from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey were used. Dietary data were collected through two 24-h recalls (24HR). The GDQS was calculated and compared to a proxy indicator of nutrient adequate intake (the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women—MDD-W) and to an indicator of high-risk diet for non-communicable diseases (caloric contribution from ultra-processed foods—UPF). To estimate the odds for overall nutrient inadequacy across MDD-W and GDQS quintiles, a multiple logistic regression was applied, and the two metrics’ performances were compared using Wald’s post-test. Results The mean GDQS for Brazilians was 14.5 (0–49 possible range), and only 1% of the population had a low-risk diet (GDQS ≥ 23). The GDQS mean was higher in women, elderly individuals and in higher-income households. An inverse correlation was found between the GDQS and UPF (rho (95% CI) = -0.20(-0.21;-0.19)). The odds for nutrient inadequacy were lower as quintiles of GDQS and MDD-W were higher (p-trend < 0.001), and MDD-W had a slightly better performance than GDQS (p-diff < 0.001). Having a low-risk GDQS (≥ 23) lowered the odds for nutrient inadequacy by 74% (95% CI:63%-81%). Conclusion The GDQS is a good indicator of overall nutrient adequacy, and correlates well with UPF in a nationally representative sample of Brazil. Future studies must investigate the relationship between the GDQS and clinical endpoints, strengthening the recommendation to use this metric to surveillance dietary risks.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-024-00949-xDietary riskDietary quality metricsSustainable developmental goalNutrient adequacyDouble burden of malnutritionBrazil |
| spellingShingle | Marina M. Norde Sabri Bromage Dirce M. L. Marchioni Ana Carolina Vasques Megan Deitchler Joanne Arsenaut Aline M. de Carvalho Lício Velloso Walter Willett Edward Giovannucci Bruno Geloneze The global diet quality score as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality – a nation-wide representative study Nutrition Journal Dietary risk Dietary quality metrics Sustainable developmental goal Nutrient adequacy Double burden of malnutrition Brazil |
| title | The global diet quality score as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality – a nation-wide representative study |
| title_full | The global diet quality score as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality – a nation-wide representative study |
| title_fullStr | The global diet quality score as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality – a nation-wide representative study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The global diet quality score as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality – a nation-wide representative study |
| title_short | The global diet quality score as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality – a nation-wide representative study |
| title_sort | global diet quality score as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality a nation wide representative study |
| topic | Dietary risk Dietary quality metrics Sustainable developmental goal Nutrient adequacy Double burden of malnutrition Brazil |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-024-00949-x |
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