Biochemical Evaluation of the Effects of Hydroxyurea in Vitro on Red Blood Cells
Hydroxyurea (HU) is a low-cost, low-toxicity drug that is often used in diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and different types of cancer. Its effects on the red blood cells (RBC) are still not fully understood. The in vitro effects of HU were evaluated on the biochemical parameters of the RBC from...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/10/1599 |
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| author | Cristiane Oliveira Renó Grazielle Aparecida Silva Maia Leilismara Sousa Nogueira Melina de Barros Pinheiro Danyelle Romana Alves Rios Vanessa Faria Cortes Leandro Augusto de Oliveira Barbosa Hérica de Lima Santos |
| author_facet | Cristiane Oliveira Renó Grazielle Aparecida Silva Maia Leilismara Sousa Nogueira Melina de Barros Pinheiro Danyelle Romana Alves Rios Vanessa Faria Cortes Leandro Augusto de Oliveira Barbosa Hérica de Lima Santos |
| author_sort | Cristiane Oliveira Renó |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydroxyurea (HU) is a low-cost, low-toxicity drug that is often used in diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and different types of cancer. Its effects on the red blood cells (RBC) are still not fully understood. The in vitro effects of HU were evaluated on the biochemical parameters of the RBC from healthy individuals that were treated with 0.6 mM or 0.8 mM HU for 30 min and 1 h. After 30 min, there was a significant increase in almost all of the parameters analyzed in the two concentrations of HU, except for the pyruvate kinase (PK) activity. A treatment with 0.8 mM HU for 1 h resulted in a reduction of the levels of lipid peroxidation, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, and in the activities of some of the enzymes, such as glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and PK. After the incubation for 1 h, the levels of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH), enzymatic activity (hexokinase, G6PD, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced with the treatment of 0.8 mM HU when compared with 0.6 mM. The results have suggested that a treatment with HU at a concentration of 0.8 mM seemed to be more efficient in protecting against the free radicals, as well as in treating diseases, such as sickle cell anemia. HU appears to preferentially stimulate the pentose pathway over the glycolytic pathway. Although this study was carried out with the RBC from healthy individuals, the changes described in this study may help to elucidate the mechanisms of action of HU when administered for therapeutic purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:45:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-523889d2dcb1419285088711469af938 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:45:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-523889d2dcb1419285088711469af9382023-11-22T17:16:31ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-10-011010159910.3390/antiox10101599Biochemical Evaluation of the Effects of Hydroxyurea in Vitro on Red Blood CellsCristiane Oliveira Renó0Grazielle Aparecida Silva Maia1Leilismara Sousa Nogueira2Melina de Barros Pinheiro3Danyelle Romana Alves Rios4Vanessa Faria Cortes5Leandro Augusto de Oliveira Barbosa6Hérica de Lima Santos7Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Análises Clínicas, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Hematologia Clínica, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, BrazilHydroxyurea (HU) is a low-cost, low-toxicity drug that is often used in diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and different types of cancer. Its effects on the red blood cells (RBC) are still not fully understood. The in vitro effects of HU were evaluated on the biochemical parameters of the RBC from healthy individuals that were treated with 0.6 mM or 0.8 mM HU for 30 min and 1 h. After 30 min, there was a significant increase in almost all of the parameters analyzed in the two concentrations of HU, except for the pyruvate kinase (PK) activity. A treatment with 0.8 mM HU for 1 h resulted in a reduction of the levels of lipid peroxidation, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, and in the activities of some of the enzymes, such as glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and PK. After the incubation for 1 h, the levels of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH), enzymatic activity (hexokinase, G6PD, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced with the treatment of 0.8 mM HU when compared with 0.6 mM. The results have suggested that a treatment with HU at a concentration of 0.8 mM seemed to be more efficient in protecting against the free radicals, as well as in treating diseases, such as sickle cell anemia. HU appears to preferentially stimulate the pentose pathway over the glycolytic pathway. Although this study was carried out with the RBC from healthy individuals, the changes described in this study may help to elucidate the mechanisms of action of HU when administered for therapeutic purposes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/10/1599hydroxyureared blood cellsenergy metabolismantioxidant systemreactive oxygen species |
| spellingShingle | Cristiane Oliveira Renó Grazielle Aparecida Silva Maia Leilismara Sousa Nogueira Melina de Barros Pinheiro Danyelle Romana Alves Rios Vanessa Faria Cortes Leandro Augusto de Oliveira Barbosa Hérica de Lima Santos Biochemical Evaluation of the Effects of Hydroxyurea in Vitro on Red Blood Cells Antioxidants hydroxyurea red blood cells energy metabolism antioxidant system reactive oxygen species |
| title | Biochemical Evaluation of the Effects of Hydroxyurea in Vitro on Red Blood Cells |
| title_full | Biochemical Evaluation of the Effects of Hydroxyurea in Vitro on Red Blood Cells |
| title_fullStr | Biochemical Evaluation of the Effects of Hydroxyurea in Vitro on Red Blood Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biochemical Evaluation of the Effects of Hydroxyurea in Vitro on Red Blood Cells |
| title_short | Biochemical Evaluation of the Effects of Hydroxyurea in Vitro on Red Blood Cells |
| title_sort | biochemical evaluation of the effects of hydroxyurea in vitro on red blood cells |
| topic | hydroxyurea red blood cells energy metabolism antioxidant system reactive oxygen species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/10/1599 |
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