How Probiotics Affect the Microbiota
Probiotics have been used to treat a variety of diseases for decades; however, what is the rationale for their application? Such a treatment was first proposed in the early nineteenth century based on observations of decreased bifidobacterial populations in children suffering from diarrhea, suggesti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00454/full |
| _version_ | 1811206581513093120 |
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| author | Grégoire Wieërs Leila Belkhir Raphaël Enaud Sophie Leclercq Jean-Michel Philippart de Foy Isabelle Dequenne Philippe de Timary Patrice D. Cani |
| author_facet | Grégoire Wieërs Leila Belkhir Raphaël Enaud Sophie Leclercq Jean-Michel Philippart de Foy Isabelle Dequenne Philippe de Timary Patrice D. Cani |
| author_sort | Grégoire Wieërs |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Probiotics have been used to treat a variety of diseases for decades; however, what is the rationale for their application? Such a treatment was first proposed in the early nineteenth century based on observations of decreased bifidobacterial populations in children suffering from diarrhea, suggesting that oral intake of bifidobacteria could replete this subpopulation of the microbiota and improve health. Since then, studies have shown modifications in the gut or skin microbiota in the course of a variety of diseases and suggested positive effects of certain probiotics. Most studies failed to report any impact on the microbiota. The impact of probiotics as well as of bacteria colonizing food does not reside in their ability to graft in the microbiota but rather in sharing genes and metabolites, supporting challenged microbiota, and directly influencing epithelial and immune cells. Such observations argue that probiotics could be associated with conventional drugs for insulin resistance, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, and psychiatric disorders and could also interfere with drug metabolism. Nevertheless, in the context of a plethora of probiotic strains and associations produced in conditions that do not allow direct comparisons, it remains difficult to know whether a patient would benefit from taking a particular probiotic. In other words, although several mechanisms are observed when studying a single probiotic strain, not all individual strains are expected to share the same effects. To clarify the role of probiotics in the clinic, we explored the relation between probiotics and the gut and skin microbiota. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:49:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5240de03aca047b7ba0c77489c5b7ff3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:49:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5240de03aca047b7ba0c77489c5b7ff32022-12-22T03:49:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882020-01-01910.3389/fcimb.2019.00454490925How Probiotics Affect the MicrobiotaGrégoire Wieërs0Leila Belkhir1Raphaël Enaud2Sophie Leclercq3Jean-Michel Philippart de Foy4Isabelle Dequenne5Philippe de Timary6Patrice D. Cani7Service de Médecine Interne Générale, Clinique Saint Pierre, Ottignies, BelgiumService de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, BelgiumCHU Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, CIC 1401, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, CRCTB, U1045, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, FranceInstitute of Neuroscience and Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, BelgiumSociété Scientifique de Médecine Générale, Cellule Nutrition, Brussels, BelgiumSociété Royale Belge de Dermatologie, Brussels, BelgiumService de Psychiatrie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, BelgiumWalloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, BelgiumProbiotics have been used to treat a variety of diseases for decades; however, what is the rationale for their application? Such a treatment was first proposed in the early nineteenth century based on observations of decreased bifidobacterial populations in children suffering from diarrhea, suggesting that oral intake of bifidobacteria could replete this subpopulation of the microbiota and improve health. Since then, studies have shown modifications in the gut or skin microbiota in the course of a variety of diseases and suggested positive effects of certain probiotics. Most studies failed to report any impact on the microbiota. The impact of probiotics as well as of bacteria colonizing food does not reside in their ability to graft in the microbiota but rather in sharing genes and metabolites, supporting challenged microbiota, and directly influencing epithelial and immune cells. Such observations argue that probiotics could be associated with conventional drugs for insulin resistance, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, and psychiatric disorders and could also interfere with drug metabolism. Nevertheless, in the context of a plethora of probiotic strains and associations produced in conditions that do not allow direct comparisons, it remains difficult to know whether a patient would benefit from taking a particular probiotic. In other words, although several mechanisms are observed when studying a single probiotic strain, not all individual strains are expected to share the same effects. To clarify the role of probiotics in the clinic, we explored the relation between probiotics and the gut and skin microbiota.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00454/fullprobioticmicrobiotametabolismskinpsychiatrydrug interaction |
| spellingShingle | Grégoire Wieërs Leila Belkhir Raphaël Enaud Sophie Leclercq Jean-Michel Philippart de Foy Isabelle Dequenne Philippe de Timary Patrice D. Cani How Probiotics Affect the Microbiota Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology probiotic microbiota metabolism skin psychiatry drug interaction |
| title | How Probiotics Affect the Microbiota |
| title_full | How Probiotics Affect the Microbiota |
| title_fullStr | How Probiotics Affect the Microbiota |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Probiotics Affect the Microbiota |
| title_short | How Probiotics Affect the Microbiota |
| title_sort | how probiotics affect the microbiota |
| topic | probiotic microbiota metabolism skin psychiatry drug interaction |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00454/full |
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