HIV Stigma among People Living with HIV in Southeast Iran
Background: This study aimed to measure internal and external HIV stigma and their associated factors among people living with HIV in the southeast of Iran.Methods: Using convenience sampling and a standard questionnaire, we recruited 104 HIV-positive patients (40% women) in 2018-2019 from two publi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Kerman University of Medical Sciences
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_91759_d72f2e4a72212c0a59de12d4918d5b16.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797790752707706880 |
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| author | Neda Malekmohammadi Ali Mirzazadeh Abedin Iranpour Mehdi Shafiei Bafti Farzaneh Zolala Willi McFarland Hamid Sharifi |
| author_facet | Neda Malekmohammadi Ali Mirzazadeh Abedin Iranpour Mehdi Shafiei Bafti Farzaneh Zolala Willi McFarland Hamid Sharifi |
| author_sort | Neda Malekmohammadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: This study aimed to measure internal and external HIV stigma and their associated factors among people living with HIV in the southeast of Iran.Methods: Using convenience sampling and a standard questionnaire, we recruited 104 HIV-positive patients (40% women) in 2018-2019 from two public clinics in Kerman, Iran. The internal stigma scale ranged from 0-22 and the external stigma scale ranged from 0-11 in which a higher score indicates higher stigma.Results: The mean internal stigma score was 10.7 (SD: 5.2), and that of the external stigma score was 3.1 (SD: 2.9). In multivariable regression analysis, women (Adjusted (Adj). ᵦ=-3.3; p=0.08), and married people (Adj. ᵦ=-5.5; p=<0.001) experienced less internal stigma. In contrast, those who were a member of support group of PLHIV (Adj. ᵦ=2.8; p=0.04), and those infected by sexual contact (Adj. ᵦ=2.1; P=0.006) experienced a higher internal stigma. Moreover, married people (Adj. ᵦ=-1.4; p=0.01), those with high school or higher education (Adj. ᵦ=-1.7; p=0.002), and those with other transmission routes (Adj. ᵦ=-1.4; P=0.01) experienced lower external stigma.Conclusions: People living with HIV feel considerable internal and external stigma. Addressing HIV stigma should be tailored based on gender, education, marriage, peer groups, and risk groups as these factors have different effects on stigma experiences. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:09:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52514d99b86946a6a9aefc4becbc4379 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-2843 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:09:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Kerman University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-52514d99b86946a6a9aefc4becbc43792023-07-01T05:11:54ZengKerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences2008-28432021-09-0128542743610.22062/jkmu.2021.9175991759HIV Stigma among People Living with HIV in Southeast IranNeda Malekmohammadi0Ali Mirzazadeh1Abedin Iranpour2Mehdi Shafiei Bafti3Farzaneh Zolala4Willi McFarland5Hamid Sharifi6HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USAHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranCommunicable and Noncommunicable Disease Department, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranSocial Determinants in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USAHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranBackground: This study aimed to measure internal and external HIV stigma and their associated factors among people living with HIV in the southeast of Iran.Methods: Using convenience sampling and a standard questionnaire, we recruited 104 HIV-positive patients (40% women) in 2018-2019 from two public clinics in Kerman, Iran. The internal stigma scale ranged from 0-22 and the external stigma scale ranged from 0-11 in which a higher score indicates higher stigma.Results: The mean internal stigma score was 10.7 (SD: 5.2), and that of the external stigma score was 3.1 (SD: 2.9). In multivariable regression analysis, women (Adjusted (Adj). ᵦ=-3.3; p=0.08), and married people (Adj. ᵦ=-5.5; p=<0.001) experienced less internal stigma. In contrast, those who were a member of support group of PLHIV (Adj. ᵦ=2.8; p=0.04), and those infected by sexual contact (Adj. ᵦ=2.1; P=0.006) experienced a higher internal stigma. Moreover, married people (Adj. ᵦ=-1.4; p=0.01), those with high school or higher education (Adj. ᵦ=-1.7; p=0.002), and those with other transmission routes (Adj. ᵦ=-1.4; P=0.01) experienced lower external stigma.Conclusions: People living with HIV feel considerable internal and external stigma. Addressing HIV stigma should be tailored based on gender, education, marriage, peer groups, and risk groups as these factors have different effects on stigma experiences.https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_91759_d72f2e4a72212c0a59de12d4918d5b16.pdfhiv stigmahiv infectionpeople living with hiv/aids |
| spellingShingle | Neda Malekmohammadi Ali Mirzazadeh Abedin Iranpour Mehdi Shafiei Bafti Farzaneh Zolala Willi McFarland Hamid Sharifi HIV Stigma among People Living with HIV in Southeast Iran Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences hiv stigma hiv infection people living with hiv/aids |
| title | HIV Stigma among People Living with HIV in Southeast Iran |
| title_full | HIV Stigma among People Living with HIV in Southeast Iran |
| title_fullStr | HIV Stigma among People Living with HIV in Southeast Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV Stigma among People Living with HIV in Southeast Iran |
| title_short | HIV Stigma among People Living with HIV in Southeast Iran |
| title_sort | hiv stigma among people living with hiv in southeast iran |
| topic | hiv stigma hiv infection people living with hiv/aids |
| url | https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_91759_d72f2e4a72212c0a59de12d4918d5b16.pdf |
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