Sapogenol is a Major Microbial Metabolite in Human Plasma Associated with High Protein Soy-Based Diets: The Relevance for Functional Food Formulations
Legumes are a source of health-promoting macro- and micronutrients, but also contain numerous phytochemicals with useful biological activities, an example of which are saponins. Epidemiological studies suggest that saponins may play a role in protection from cancer and benefit human health by loweri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/4/422 |
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| author | Madalina Neacsu Vassilios Raikos Yara Benavides-Paz Sylvia H. Duncan Gary J. Duncan James S. Christie Alexandra M. Johnstone Wendy R. Russell |
| author_facet | Madalina Neacsu Vassilios Raikos Yara Benavides-Paz Sylvia H. Duncan Gary J. Duncan James S. Christie Alexandra M. Johnstone Wendy R. Russell |
| author_sort | Madalina Neacsu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Legumes are a source of health-promoting macro- and micronutrients, but also contain numerous phytochemicals with useful biological activities, an example of which are saponins. Epidemiological studies suggest that saponins may play a role in protection from cancer and benefit human health by lowering cholesterol. Therefore, they could represent good candidates for specialised functional foods. Following the consumption of a soya-rich high-protein weight-loss diet (SOYA HP WL), the concentrations of Soyasaponin I (SSI) and soyasapogenol B (SSB) were determined in faecal samples from human volunteers (n = 10) and found to be between 1.4 and 17.5 mg per 100 g fresh faecal sample. SSB was the major metabolite identified in volunteers’ plasma (n = 10) after consumption of the soya test meal (SOYA MEAL); the postprandial (3 h after meal) plasma concentration for SSB varied between 48.5 ng/mL to 103.2 ng/mL. The metabolism of SSI by the gut microbiota (in vitro) was also confirmed. This study shows that the main systemic metabolites of soyasaponin are absorbed from the gut and that they are bioavailable in plasma predominantly as conjugates of sapogenol. The metabolism and bioavailability of biologically active molecules represent key information necessary for the efficient development of functional foods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:41:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52580cb03b194dc1b4f36093e0d1a083 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:41:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-52580cb03b194dc1b4f36093e0d1a0832023-11-19T20:34:58ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582020-04-019442210.3390/foods9040422Sapogenol is a Major Microbial Metabolite in Human Plasma Associated with High Protein Soy-Based Diets: The Relevance for Functional Food FormulationsMadalina Neacsu0Vassilios Raikos1Yara Benavides-Paz2Sylvia H. Duncan3Gary J. Duncan4James S. Christie5Alexandra M. Johnstone6Wendy R. Russell7Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UKRowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UKRowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UKRowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UKRowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UKRowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UKRowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UKRowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UKLegumes are a source of health-promoting macro- and micronutrients, but also contain numerous phytochemicals with useful biological activities, an example of which are saponins. Epidemiological studies suggest that saponins may play a role in protection from cancer and benefit human health by lowering cholesterol. Therefore, they could represent good candidates for specialised functional foods. Following the consumption of a soya-rich high-protein weight-loss diet (SOYA HP WL), the concentrations of Soyasaponin I (SSI) and soyasapogenol B (SSB) were determined in faecal samples from human volunteers (n = 10) and found to be between 1.4 and 17.5 mg per 100 g fresh faecal sample. SSB was the major metabolite identified in volunteers’ plasma (n = 10) after consumption of the soya test meal (SOYA MEAL); the postprandial (3 h after meal) plasma concentration for SSB varied between 48.5 ng/mL to 103.2 ng/mL. The metabolism of SSI by the gut microbiota (in vitro) was also confirmed. This study shows that the main systemic metabolites of soyasaponin are absorbed from the gut and that they are bioavailable in plasma predominantly as conjugates of sapogenol. The metabolism and bioavailability of biologically active molecules represent key information necessary for the efficient development of functional foods.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/4/422soybeansaponinsapogenolgut metabolismbioavailabilityhuman study |
| spellingShingle | Madalina Neacsu Vassilios Raikos Yara Benavides-Paz Sylvia H. Duncan Gary J. Duncan James S. Christie Alexandra M. Johnstone Wendy R. Russell Sapogenol is a Major Microbial Metabolite in Human Plasma Associated with High Protein Soy-Based Diets: The Relevance for Functional Food Formulations Foods soybean saponin sapogenol gut metabolism bioavailability human study |
| title | Sapogenol is a Major Microbial Metabolite in Human Plasma Associated with High Protein Soy-Based Diets: The Relevance for Functional Food Formulations |
| title_full | Sapogenol is a Major Microbial Metabolite in Human Plasma Associated with High Protein Soy-Based Diets: The Relevance for Functional Food Formulations |
| title_fullStr | Sapogenol is a Major Microbial Metabolite in Human Plasma Associated with High Protein Soy-Based Diets: The Relevance for Functional Food Formulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sapogenol is a Major Microbial Metabolite in Human Plasma Associated with High Protein Soy-Based Diets: The Relevance for Functional Food Formulations |
| title_short | Sapogenol is a Major Microbial Metabolite in Human Plasma Associated with High Protein Soy-Based Diets: The Relevance for Functional Food Formulations |
| title_sort | sapogenol is a major microbial metabolite in human plasma associated with high protein soy based diets the relevance for functional food formulations |
| topic | soybean saponin sapogenol gut metabolism bioavailability human study |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/4/422 |
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