| Summary: | <i>Lactobacillus ruminis</i> can stimulate the immune response in vitro, but previous studies were only carried out in vitro and the anti-inflammatory effects of <i>L. ruminis</i> needs more in vivo evidences. In this study, the immune regulation and potential mechanisms of <i>L. ruminis</i> was investigated in DSS-induced colitis mice. <i>L. ruminis</i> FXJWS27L3 and <i>L. ruminis</i> FXJSW17L1 relieved the symptoms of colitis, including inhibition of colon shortening and colon tissue damage. <i>L. ruminis</i> FXJWS27L3 significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17, while <i>L. ruminis</i> FXJSW17L1 significantly increased short chain fatty acids in mice feces. Moreover, <i>L. ruminis</i> FXJWS27L3 and <i>L. ruminis</i> FXJSW17L1 treatments significantly increased the gut microbiota diversity and balance the intestine microbiota profiles, which improved the imbalance of intestine microbiota composition to a certain extent. The results showed that <i>L. ruminis</i> can alleviate DSS-induced colitis, which possibly was related to promoting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, up-regulating SCFAs and restoring the imbalance of gut microbiota.
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