The Ubiquitin Code of NODs Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease
NOD1 and NOD2 belong to the family of intracellular Nod-like receptors (NLRs) that are involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and host defense against bacteria and some viruses. When sensing such microbes, those NLRs act as hitherto scaffolding proteins for activating multiple downstream...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02648/full |
| _version_ | 1818117033102934016 |
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| author | Rubén Julio Martínez-Torres Mathias Chamaillard |
| author_facet | Rubén Julio Martínez-Torres Mathias Chamaillard |
| author_sort | Rubén Julio Martínez-Torres |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | NOD1 and NOD2 belong to the family of intracellular Nod-like receptors (NLRs) that are involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and host defense against bacteria and some viruses. When sensing such microbes, those NLRs act as hitherto scaffolding proteins for activating multiple downstream inflammatory signaling pathways to promote the production of cytokines and chemokines that are ultimately important for pathogen clearance. In recent years, substantial advances have been made on our understanding of a contextual series of intracellular processes that regulate such group of innate immune molecules, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Specifically, we will herein discuss those recently described posttranslational modifications of either NOD1 or NOD2 that fundamentally contribute to the robustness of protective responses within specific tissues through either internal domain association or external interactions with various proteins. From a public health perspective, it is then anticipated that a better understanding how genetic mutations and deregulation of these activating and repressing mechanisms might break down in diseases would open up new therapeutic avenues for humanity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T04:31:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52625349840e47e89fe83754786919a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T04:31:58Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-52625349840e47e89fe83754786919a42022-12-22T01:20:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242019-11-011010.3389/fimmu.2019.02648492058The Ubiquitin Code of NODs Signaling Pathways in Health and DiseaseRubén Julio Martínez-TorresMathias ChamaillardNOD1 and NOD2 belong to the family of intracellular Nod-like receptors (NLRs) that are involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and host defense against bacteria and some viruses. When sensing such microbes, those NLRs act as hitherto scaffolding proteins for activating multiple downstream inflammatory signaling pathways to promote the production of cytokines and chemokines that are ultimately important for pathogen clearance. In recent years, substantial advances have been made on our understanding of a contextual series of intracellular processes that regulate such group of innate immune molecules, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Specifically, we will herein discuss those recently described posttranslational modifications of either NOD1 or NOD2 that fundamentally contribute to the robustness of protective responses within specific tissues through either internal domain association or external interactions with various proteins. From a public health perspective, it is then anticipated that a better understanding how genetic mutations and deregulation of these activating and repressing mechanisms might break down in diseases would open up new therapeutic avenues for humanity.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02648/fullNOD (nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain) and leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR)ubiquitin (Ub)post-translation modificationubiquitination and degradationphosphorylation |
| spellingShingle | Rubén Julio Martínez-Torres Mathias Chamaillard The Ubiquitin Code of NODs Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease Frontiers in Immunology NOD (nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain) and leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR) ubiquitin (Ub) post-translation modification ubiquitination and degradation phosphorylation |
| title | The Ubiquitin Code of NODs Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease |
| title_full | The Ubiquitin Code of NODs Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease |
| title_fullStr | The Ubiquitin Code of NODs Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Ubiquitin Code of NODs Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease |
| title_short | The Ubiquitin Code of NODs Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease |
| title_sort | ubiquitin code of nods signaling pathways in health and disease |
| topic | NOD (nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain) and leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR) ubiquitin (Ub) post-translation modification ubiquitination and degradation phosphorylation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02648/full |
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