Bile Acids in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Unveiling the Nexus of Inflammation, Inflammatory Cells, and Treatment Strategies

As bile acids not solely play an essential role in nutrition absorption, but also in regulating metabolic functions as well as immune response, bile acids and their signaling pathways are increasingly acknowledged as potential therapeutic targets in the context of chronic liver diseases. Bile acid r...

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Main Authors: Tianhao Zhou, AbdiGhani Ismail, Heather Francis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-11-01
Series:Cells
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/23/2725
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author Tianhao Zhou
AbdiGhani Ismail
Heather Francis
author_facet Tianhao Zhou
AbdiGhani Ismail
Heather Francis
author_sort Tianhao Zhou
collection DOAJ
description As bile acids not solely play an essential role in nutrition absorption, but also in regulating metabolic functions as well as immune response, bile acids and their signaling pathways are increasingly acknowledged as potential therapeutic targets in the context of chronic liver diseases. Bile acid receptors such as G protein bile acid-activated receptor 1 and farnesoid X receptor are expressed in different immune cells engaged in innate immunity. Recently, a series of studies have revealed distinct functions of bile acids and bile acid receptors within the adaptive immune system. In addition, a variety of molecules targeting bile acid receptors and transporters are currently in advanced stages of clinical development. Autoimmune liver diseases including conditions like primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis can lead to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and even cirrhosis and liver failure. In this review, we focus on the role of bile acids in the inflammatory aspects of autoimmune liver diseases.
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spelling doaj.art-5266251616a5448ba34d5e77597ae4492023-12-08T15:13:10ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-11-011223272510.3390/cells12232725Bile Acids in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Unveiling the Nexus of Inflammation, Inflammatory Cells, and Treatment StrategiesTianhao Zhou0AbdiGhani Ismail1Heather Francis2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USADepartment of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USADivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USAAs bile acids not solely play an essential role in nutrition absorption, but also in regulating metabolic functions as well as immune response, bile acids and their signaling pathways are increasingly acknowledged as potential therapeutic targets in the context of chronic liver diseases. Bile acid receptors such as G protein bile acid-activated receptor 1 and farnesoid X receptor are expressed in different immune cells engaged in innate immunity. Recently, a series of studies have revealed distinct functions of bile acids and bile acid receptors within the adaptive immune system. In addition, a variety of molecules targeting bile acid receptors and transporters are currently in advanced stages of clinical development. Autoimmune liver diseases including conditions like primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis can lead to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and even cirrhosis and liver failure. In this review, we focus on the role of bile acids in the inflammatory aspects of autoimmune liver diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/23/2725ASBTbile acidsFXRGPBAR1liver diseases
spellingShingle Tianhao Zhou
AbdiGhani Ismail
Heather Francis
Bile Acids in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Unveiling the Nexus of Inflammation, Inflammatory Cells, and Treatment Strategies
Cells
ASBT
bile acids
FXR
GPBAR1
liver diseases
title Bile Acids in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Unveiling the Nexus of Inflammation, Inflammatory Cells, and Treatment Strategies
title_full Bile Acids in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Unveiling the Nexus of Inflammation, Inflammatory Cells, and Treatment Strategies
title_fullStr Bile Acids in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Unveiling the Nexus of Inflammation, Inflammatory Cells, and Treatment Strategies
title_full_unstemmed Bile Acids in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Unveiling the Nexus of Inflammation, Inflammatory Cells, and Treatment Strategies
title_short Bile Acids in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Unveiling the Nexus of Inflammation, Inflammatory Cells, and Treatment Strategies
title_sort bile acids in autoimmune liver disease unveiling the nexus of inflammation inflammatory cells and treatment strategies
topic ASBT
bile acids
FXR
GPBAR1
liver diseases
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/23/2725
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AT heatherfrancis bileacidsinautoimmuneliverdiseaseunveilingthenexusofinflammationinflammatorycellsandtreatmentstrategies