Accumulation of C-CTX1 in Muscle Tissue of Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) by Dietary Experience
Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are produced by dinoflagellates usually present in tropical and subtropical waters. These toxins are bioaccumulated and transformed in fish causing ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in humans. Few trials have been performed to understand how CTXs are incorporated into fish. This stud...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/1/242 |
| _version_ | 1797409806435221504 |
|---|---|
| author | Andres Sanchez-Henao Natalia García-Álvarez Daniel Padilla María Ramos-Sosa Freddy Silva Sergent Antonio Fernández Pablo Estévez Ana Gago-Martínez Jorge Diogène Fernando Real |
| author_facet | Andres Sanchez-Henao Natalia García-Álvarez Daniel Padilla María Ramos-Sosa Freddy Silva Sergent Antonio Fernández Pablo Estévez Ana Gago-Martínez Jorge Diogène Fernando Real |
| author_sort | Andres Sanchez-Henao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are produced by dinoflagellates usually present in tropical and subtropical waters. These toxins are bioaccumulated and transformed in fish causing ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in humans. Few trials have been performed to understand how CTXs are incorporated into fish. This study developed an experimental model of goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) fed flesh contaminated with Caribbean ciguatoxin (C-CTX1). Fourteen goldfish were fed 0.014 ng CTX1B (Eq. g<sup>−1</sup> of body weight) daily, and control goldfish received non-toxic flesh. CTX presence was determined by a cell-based assay on days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, 43, and 84. Toxicity was detected in muscle from the second sampling and then seemed to stabilize at ~0.03 ng CTX1B Eq. g<sup>−1</sup>. After two weeks, all experimental goldfish developed lethargy and loss of brightness, but only two of them displayed erratic swimming and jerking movements near the sixth sampling. One of these fish had its toxic diet replaced by commercial food for 60 more days; the fish showed recovery signs within the first weeks and no CTX activity was detected. These results indicate that C-CTX1 could accumulate in goldfish muscle tissue and produce toxic symptoms, but also remarked on the detoxification and recovery capacity of this species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:20:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5283d11cca4741e5bf71af8970fafd7d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:20:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-5283d11cca4741e5bf71af8970fafd7d2023-12-03T13:48:44ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-01-0111124210.3390/ani11010242Accumulation of C-CTX1 in Muscle Tissue of Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) by Dietary ExperienceAndres Sanchez-Henao0Natalia García-Álvarez1Daniel Padilla2María Ramos-Sosa3Freddy Silva Sergent4Antonio Fernández5Pablo Estévez6Ana Gago-Martínez7Jorge Diogène8Fernando Real9Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, SpainDivision of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, SpainDivision of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, SpainDivision of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, SpainDivision of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, SpainDivision of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, SpainDepartment of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Vigo, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainDepartment of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Vigo, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainMarine and Continental Waters Environmental Monitoring, IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, SpainDivision of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, SpainCiguatoxins (CTXs) are produced by dinoflagellates usually present in tropical and subtropical waters. These toxins are bioaccumulated and transformed in fish causing ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in humans. Few trials have been performed to understand how CTXs are incorporated into fish. This study developed an experimental model of goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) fed flesh contaminated with Caribbean ciguatoxin (C-CTX1). Fourteen goldfish were fed 0.014 ng CTX1B (Eq. g<sup>−1</sup> of body weight) daily, and control goldfish received non-toxic flesh. CTX presence was determined by a cell-based assay on days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, 43, and 84. Toxicity was detected in muscle from the second sampling and then seemed to stabilize at ~0.03 ng CTX1B Eq. g<sup>−1</sup>. After two weeks, all experimental goldfish developed lethargy and loss of brightness, but only two of them displayed erratic swimming and jerking movements near the sixth sampling. One of these fish had its toxic diet replaced by commercial food for 60 more days; the fish showed recovery signs within the first weeks and no CTX activity was detected. These results indicate that C-CTX1 could accumulate in goldfish muscle tissue and produce toxic symptoms, but also remarked on the detoxification and recovery capacity of this species.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/1/242ciguateraCaribbean ciguatoxinmuscle bioaccumulationcytotoxicity assaygoldfishomnivorous fish |
| spellingShingle | Andres Sanchez-Henao Natalia García-Álvarez Daniel Padilla María Ramos-Sosa Freddy Silva Sergent Antonio Fernández Pablo Estévez Ana Gago-Martínez Jorge Diogène Fernando Real Accumulation of C-CTX1 in Muscle Tissue of Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) by Dietary Experience Animals ciguatera Caribbean ciguatoxin muscle bioaccumulation cytotoxicity assay goldfish omnivorous fish |
| title | Accumulation of C-CTX1 in Muscle Tissue of Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) by Dietary Experience |
| title_full | Accumulation of C-CTX1 in Muscle Tissue of Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) by Dietary Experience |
| title_fullStr | Accumulation of C-CTX1 in Muscle Tissue of Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) by Dietary Experience |
| title_full_unstemmed | Accumulation of C-CTX1 in Muscle Tissue of Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) by Dietary Experience |
| title_short | Accumulation of C-CTX1 in Muscle Tissue of Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) by Dietary Experience |
| title_sort | accumulation of c ctx1 in muscle tissue of goldfish i carassius auratus i by dietary experience |
| topic | ciguatera Caribbean ciguatoxin muscle bioaccumulation cytotoxicity assay goldfish omnivorous fish |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/1/242 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andressanchezhenao accumulationofcctx1inmuscletissueofgoldfishicarassiusauratusibydietaryexperience AT nataliagarciaalvarez accumulationofcctx1inmuscletissueofgoldfishicarassiusauratusibydietaryexperience AT danielpadilla accumulationofcctx1inmuscletissueofgoldfishicarassiusauratusibydietaryexperience AT mariaramossosa accumulationofcctx1inmuscletissueofgoldfishicarassiusauratusibydietaryexperience AT freddysilvasergent accumulationofcctx1inmuscletissueofgoldfishicarassiusauratusibydietaryexperience AT antoniofernandez accumulationofcctx1inmuscletissueofgoldfishicarassiusauratusibydietaryexperience AT pabloestevez accumulationofcctx1inmuscletissueofgoldfishicarassiusauratusibydietaryexperience AT anagagomartinez accumulationofcctx1inmuscletissueofgoldfishicarassiusauratusibydietaryexperience AT jorgediogene accumulationofcctx1inmuscletissueofgoldfishicarassiusauratusibydietaryexperience AT fernandoreal accumulationofcctx1inmuscletissueofgoldfishicarassiusauratusibydietaryexperience |