Fluorescent Sensor Based on 1<i>H</i>-Pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]quinoline Derivative for Detecting Zn<sup>2+</sup> Cations
The photophysical and sensory properties of the donor–acceptor pyrazoloquinoline derivative (PQPc) were investigated using absorption, steady-state, and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The compound synthesized from commercial, readily available substrates exhibited absorptions in the UV–Vis...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/4/823 |
| _version_ | 1797297327114813440 |
|---|---|
| author | Anna Kolbus Tomasz Uchacz Andrzej Danel Katarzyna Gałczyńska Paulina Moskwa Przemysław Kolek |
| author_facet | Anna Kolbus Tomasz Uchacz Andrzej Danel Katarzyna Gałczyńska Paulina Moskwa Przemysław Kolek |
| author_sort | Anna Kolbus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The photophysical and sensory properties of the donor–acceptor pyrazoloquinoline derivative (PQPc) were investigated using absorption, steady-state, and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The compound synthesized from commercial, readily available substrates exhibited absorptions in the UV–Vis range, with a maximum of the longwave band around 390 nm. The maximum fluorescence was around 460–480 nm, depending on the solvent. The quantum yield was between 12.87% (for <i>n</i>-hexane) and 0.75% (for acetonitrile) and decreased with increasing solvent polarity. The PET mechanism was implicated as the cause of fluorescence quenching. Divalent ions such as Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and Cu<sup>2+</sup> were introduced to study the fluorescent response of PQPc. A 13-times increase in fluorescence quantum yield was observed after the addition of Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions. Detailed research was carried out for the PQPc-Zn<sup>2+</sup> system in order to check the possibility of analytical applications of PQPc as a fluorescent sensor. A detection limit of Zn<sup>2+</sup> was set at the value level 1.93 × 10<sup>−7</sup> M. PQPc-Zn<sup>2+</sup> complexes had a stoichiometry of 1:1 with a binding constant of 859 M<sup>−1</sup>. Biological studies showed that the sensor was localized in cells near the membrane and cytoplasm and may be used to detect zinc ions in eukaryotic cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:19:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5286b1ff56654c53a0466bfc951653c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:19:43Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-5286b1ff56654c53a0466bfc951653c12024-02-23T15:28:59ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-02-0129482310.3390/molecules29040823Fluorescent Sensor Based on 1<i>H</i>-Pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]quinoline Derivative for Detecting Zn<sup>2+</sup> CationsAnna Kolbus0Tomasz Uchacz1Andrzej Danel2Katarzyna Gałczyńska3Paulina Moskwa4Przemysław Kolek5Institute of Chemistry, The Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7 St., 25-406 Kielce, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 St., 30-387 Kraków, PolandFaculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Podchorążych St.1, 30-348 Kraków, PolandInstitute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7 St., 25-406 Kielce, PolandInstitute of Chemistry, The Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7 St., 25-406 Kielce, PolandInstitute of Physics, University of Rzeszów, 1 Pigonia St., 35-310 Rzeszów, PolandThe photophysical and sensory properties of the donor–acceptor pyrazoloquinoline derivative (PQPc) were investigated using absorption, steady-state, and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The compound synthesized from commercial, readily available substrates exhibited absorptions in the UV–Vis range, with a maximum of the longwave band around 390 nm. The maximum fluorescence was around 460–480 nm, depending on the solvent. The quantum yield was between 12.87% (for <i>n</i>-hexane) and 0.75% (for acetonitrile) and decreased with increasing solvent polarity. The PET mechanism was implicated as the cause of fluorescence quenching. Divalent ions such as Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and Cu<sup>2+</sup> were introduced to study the fluorescent response of PQPc. A 13-times increase in fluorescence quantum yield was observed after the addition of Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions. Detailed research was carried out for the PQPc-Zn<sup>2+</sup> system in order to check the possibility of analytical applications of PQPc as a fluorescent sensor. A detection limit of Zn<sup>2+</sup> was set at the value level 1.93 × 10<sup>−7</sup> M. PQPc-Zn<sup>2+</sup> complexes had a stoichiometry of 1:1 with a binding constant of 859 M<sup>−1</sup>. Biological studies showed that the sensor was localized in cells near the membrane and cytoplasm and may be used to detect zinc ions in eukaryotic cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/4/823fluorescent sensorpyrazoloquinoline derivativeDFT calculationZn<sup>2+</sup> detection |
| spellingShingle | Anna Kolbus Tomasz Uchacz Andrzej Danel Katarzyna Gałczyńska Paulina Moskwa Przemysław Kolek Fluorescent Sensor Based on 1<i>H</i>-Pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]quinoline Derivative for Detecting Zn<sup>2+</sup> Cations Molecules fluorescent sensor pyrazoloquinoline derivative DFT calculation Zn<sup>2+</sup> detection |
| title | Fluorescent Sensor Based on 1<i>H</i>-Pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]quinoline Derivative for Detecting Zn<sup>2+</sup> Cations |
| title_full | Fluorescent Sensor Based on 1<i>H</i>-Pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]quinoline Derivative for Detecting Zn<sup>2+</sup> Cations |
| title_fullStr | Fluorescent Sensor Based on 1<i>H</i>-Pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]quinoline Derivative for Detecting Zn<sup>2+</sup> Cations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluorescent Sensor Based on 1<i>H</i>-Pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]quinoline Derivative for Detecting Zn<sup>2+</sup> Cations |
| title_short | Fluorescent Sensor Based on 1<i>H</i>-Pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]quinoline Derivative for Detecting Zn<sup>2+</sup> Cations |
| title_sort | fluorescent sensor based on 1 i h i pyrazolo 3 4 i b i quinoline derivative for detecting zn sup 2 sup cations |
| topic | fluorescent sensor pyrazoloquinoline derivative DFT calculation Zn<sup>2+</sup> detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/4/823 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT annakolbus fluorescentsensorbasedon1ihipyrazolo34ibiquinolinederivativefordetectingznsup2supcations AT tomaszuchacz fluorescentsensorbasedon1ihipyrazolo34ibiquinolinederivativefordetectingznsup2supcations AT andrzejdanel fluorescentsensorbasedon1ihipyrazolo34ibiquinolinederivativefordetectingznsup2supcations AT katarzynagałczynska fluorescentsensorbasedon1ihipyrazolo34ibiquinolinederivativefordetectingznsup2supcations AT paulinamoskwa fluorescentsensorbasedon1ihipyrazolo34ibiquinolinederivativefordetectingznsup2supcations AT przemysławkolek fluorescentsensorbasedon1ihipyrazolo34ibiquinolinederivativefordetectingznsup2supcations |