Genomic Characterization of Mycoplasma arginini Isolated from a Housefly on a Dairy Farm and Comparison with Isolates from Bovine Milk and Lung Tissue
ABSTRACT Mycoplasma mastitis can be highly contagious, unresponsive to treatment, and cause severe economic problems in affected herds. Notable routes of Mycoplasma spp. transmissions are contaminated milking equipment and animal contact through respiratory secretions. Only a few studies report the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Spectrum |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03010-22 |
| _version_ | 1797803387574550528 |
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| author | G. Gioia M. Severgnini P. Cremonesi B. Castiglioni J. Freeman A. Sipka C. Santisteban M. Wieland V. Alanis Gallardo J. G. Scott P. Moroni M. F. Addis |
| author_facet | G. Gioia M. Severgnini P. Cremonesi B. Castiglioni J. Freeman A. Sipka C. Santisteban M. Wieland V. Alanis Gallardo J. G. Scott P. Moroni M. F. Addis |
| author_sort | G. Gioia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Mycoplasma mastitis can be highly contagious, unresponsive to treatment, and cause severe economic problems in affected herds. Notable routes of Mycoplasma spp. transmissions are contaminated milking equipment and animal contact through respiratory secretions. Only a few studies report the environment as a possible source of infection. Our group studied the presence of pathogens in houseflies (Musca domestica) in a New York State dairy in the United States. Among others, a Mycoplasma spp. was found in the gut of a housefly captured in the sick pen and identified as M. arginini. Here, we characterized its genome and investigated its relatedness with eight isolates from milk, one isolate from lung tissue collected in the same dairy, and five other dairies in New York State. We applied whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and 76 conserved proteins. We also assessed an in silico virulence profile by considering a panel of 94 putative virulence genes. As a result of the genome analysis, the housefly M. arginini isolate was highly similar to the milk isolates; interestingly, the similarity was highest with M. arginini isolated from milk on the same dairy farm where the housefly was captured. The housefly and milk M. arginini isolates possessed 54 of the 94 pathogenicity genes considered. Our data support the hypothesis that houseflies are carriers of Mycoplasma spp. and can be considered within the possible roots of environmental transmission of infection in dairy cows. Nevertheless, M. arginini pathogenicity will need to be investigated with dedicated studies. IMPORTANCE It is critical to control the spread of bovine mastitis caused by Mycoplasma spp., as this disease can be highly contagious and have a severe economic impact on affected dairies. A better understanding of possible transmission routes is crucial for infection control and prevention. Based on our data, the composite milk isolates are genetically similar to the housefly isolate. This provides evidence that the same Mycoplasma species found in milk and associated with mastitis can also be isolated from houseflies captured in the dairy environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:21:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-528eba5a02ea47b4a9ec3279cfe73ed3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2165-0497 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:21:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiology Spectrum |
| spelling | doaj.art-528eba5a02ea47b4a9ec3279cfe73ed32023-06-15T13:18:32ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972023-06-0111310.1128/spectrum.03010-22Genomic Characterization of Mycoplasma arginini Isolated from a Housefly on a Dairy Farm and Comparison with Isolates from Bovine Milk and Lung TissueG. Gioia0M. Severgnini1P. Cremonesi2B. Castiglioni3J. Freeman4A. Sipka5C. Santisteban6M. Wieland7V. Alanis Gallardo8J. G. Scott9P. Moroni10M. F. Addis11Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USAInstitute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Milan, ItalyInstitute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Lodi, ItalyInstitute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Lodi, ItalyDepartment of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USAQuality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USAQuality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USAQuality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USAQuality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USADepartment of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USAQuality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USADipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, ItalyABSTRACT Mycoplasma mastitis can be highly contagious, unresponsive to treatment, and cause severe economic problems in affected herds. Notable routes of Mycoplasma spp. transmissions are contaminated milking equipment and animal contact through respiratory secretions. Only a few studies report the environment as a possible source of infection. Our group studied the presence of pathogens in houseflies (Musca domestica) in a New York State dairy in the United States. Among others, a Mycoplasma spp. was found in the gut of a housefly captured in the sick pen and identified as M. arginini. Here, we characterized its genome and investigated its relatedness with eight isolates from milk, one isolate from lung tissue collected in the same dairy, and five other dairies in New York State. We applied whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and 76 conserved proteins. We also assessed an in silico virulence profile by considering a panel of 94 putative virulence genes. As a result of the genome analysis, the housefly M. arginini isolate was highly similar to the milk isolates; interestingly, the similarity was highest with M. arginini isolated from milk on the same dairy farm where the housefly was captured. The housefly and milk M. arginini isolates possessed 54 of the 94 pathogenicity genes considered. Our data support the hypothesis that houseflies are carriers of Mycoplasma spp. and can be considered within the possible roots of environmental transmission of infection in dairy cows. Nevertheless, M. arginini pathogenicity will need to be investigated with dedicated studies. IMPORTANCE It is critical to control the spread of bovine mastitis caused by Mycoplasma spp., as this disease can be highly contagious and have a severe economic impact on affected dairies. A better understanding of possible transmission routes is crucial for infection control and prevention. Based on our data, the composite milk isolates are genetically similar to the housefly isolate. This provides evidence that the same Mycoplasma species found in milk and associated with mastitis can also be isolated from houseflies captured in the dairy environment.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03010-22Mycoplasmahouseflydairy farmmastitismilkcow |
| spellingShingle | G. Gioia M. Severgnini P. Cremonesi B. Castiglioni J. Freeman A. Sipka C. Santisteban M. Wieland V. Alanis Gallardo J. G. Scott P. Moroni M. F. Addis Genomic Characterization of Mycoplasma arginini Isolated from a Housefly on a Dairy Farm and Comparison with Isolates from Bovine Milk and Lung Tissue Microbiology Spectrum Mycoplasma housefly dairy farm mastitis milk cow |
| title | Genomic Characterization of Mycoplasma arginini Isolated from a Housefly on a Dairy Farm and Comparison with Isolates from Bovine Milk and Lung Tissue |
| title_full | Genomic Characterization of Mycoplasma arginini Isolated from a Housefly on a Dairy Farm and Comparison with Isolates from Bovine Milk and Lung Tissue |
| title_fullStr | Genomic Characterization of Mycoplasma arginini Isolated from a Housefly on a Dairy Farm and Comparison with Isolates from Bovine Milk and Lung Tissue |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genomic Characterization of Mycoplasma arginini Isolated from a Housefly on a Dairy Farm and Comparison with Isolates from Bovine Milk and Lung Tissue |
| title_short | Genomic Characterization of Mycoplasma arginini Isolated from a Housefly on a Dairy Farm and Comparison with Isolates from Bovine Milk and Lung Tissue |
| title_sort | genomic characterization of mycoplasma arginini isolated from a housefly on a dairy farm and comparison with isolates from bovine milk and lung tissue |
| topic | Mycoplasma housefly dairy farm mastitis milk cow |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03010-22 |
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