Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Street Dust of Karaj City in 2018
Background: In the last two decades, air pollution has become a serious problem, leading to a variety of harmful health effects. Street dust is a complex combination of pollutants from different sources, which can be a good indicator of air quality in the urban environment. So, this study was conduc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | fas |
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Alborz University of Medical Sciences
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Muhandisī-i Bihdāsht-i Muḥīṭ |
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| Online Access: | http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-940-en.html |
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| author | Rokhsareh Azimi-Yancheshmeh Mazaher Moeinaddini Sohrab Mazloomi Sadat Feyz Nia Reza Shahbazi |
| author_facet | Rokhsareh Azimi-Yancheshmeh Mazaher Moeinaddini Sohrab Mazloomi Sadat Feyz Nia Reza Shahbazi |
| author_sort | Rokhsareh Azimi-Yancheshmeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: In the last two decades, air pollution has become a serious problem, leading to a variety of harmful health effects. Street dust is a complex combination of pollutants from different sources, which can be a good indicator of air quality in the urban environment. So, this study was conducted to assess the health risk of toxic metals associated with street dust and identify their emission sources.
Materials and Method: Dust samples were collected from three high-traffic districts in Karaj. After acid digestion, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ca, Ba, Sr, Li, Ti, Na, Mg, K, Fe, Al and V were measured using ICP-OES and Cd, Co, W and Pb were measured using ICP-MS.
Results: The results of the measurement of elements in the street dust of Karaj indicated that compared to the amounts of elements in the earth's crust, the concentration (mg/kg) of Cd (X =0.9), Zn (X =479.15), Cu (X =159.37) and Pb (X =113.57) were at a very high level and the concentration (mg/kg) of Ni (X =69.36), Cr (X =93.96), Co (X =21.06), W (X =5.73) and Ca (X =75900) were at a relatively high level. In contrast, the concentrations of other elements (Ba, Mn, V, Sr, Ti, Li, Mg, Na, Ka, Fe, and Al) were in the range of values found in the earth's crust. Cluster analysis showed that Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, and Ca were mainly caused by anthropogenic activities, while other studied metals were associated with natural sources. Ingestion of dust particles was the main exposure pathway of toxic metals for both adults and children in Karaj. The Hazard Index (HI) in the children was higher than the adults, but it was lower than the safe level (HI≤1) in the both groups. Co, Cr and Cd had the highest carcinogenic risk among the studied metals.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the street dust of Karaj is highly contaminated with toxic metals that long-term exposure with them can cause harmful effects, especially in children. Therefore, continuous monitoring of metal pollutants especially Co, Cr and Cd is recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:58:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52909271223c4bc7a6f10aba78ffafa3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2383-3211 |
| language | fas |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:58:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Alborz University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Muhandisī-i Bihdāsht-i Muḥīṭ |
| spelling | doaj.art-52909271223c4bc7a6f10aba78ffafa32022-12-22T03:54:31ZfasAlborz University of Medical SciencesMuhandisī-i Bihdāsht-i Muḥīṭ2383-32112022-06-0193313332Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Street Dust of Karaj City in 2018Rokhsareh Azimi-Yancheshmeh0Mazaher Moeinaddini1Sohrab Mazloomi2Sadat Feyz Nia3Reza Shahbazi4 Ph.D. in Environmental Science, Environmental pollutions Expert of Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran Ph.D. in Environmental science, Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Ph.D. in Environmental Science, Coastal ecosystems Expert of Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran Ph.D. in Geology, Retired Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Ph.D. in Natural Resources, Researcher in Geological Survey & Mineral Explorations of Iran (GSI), Tehran, Iran Background: In the last two decades, air pollution has become a serious problem, leading to a variety of harmful health effects. Street dust is a complex combination of pollutants from different sources, which can be a good indicator of air quality in the urban environment. So, this study was conducted to assess the health risk of toxic metals associated with street dust and identify their emission sources. Materials and Method: Dust samples were collected from three high-traffic districts in Karaj. After acid digestion, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ca, Ba, Sr, Li, Ti, Na, Mg, K, Fe, Al and V were measured using ICP-OES and Cd, Co, W and Pb were measured using ICP-MS. Results: The results of the measurement of elements in the street dust of Karaj indicated that compared to the amounts of elements in the earth's crust, the concentration (mg/kg) of Cd (X =0.9), Zn (X =479.15), Cu (X =159.37) and Pb (X =113.57) were at a very high level and the concentration (mg/kg) of Ni (X =69.36), Cr (X =93.96), Co (X =21.06), W (X =5.73) and Ca (X =75900) were at a relatively high level. In contrast, the concentrations of other elements (Ba, Mn, V, Sr, Ti, Li, Mg, Na, Ka, Fe, and Al) were in the range of values found in the earth's crust. Cluster analysis showed that Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, and Ca were mainly caused by anthropogenic activities, while other studied metals were associated with natural sources. Ingestion of dust particles was the main exposure pathway of toxic metals for both adults and children in Karaj. The Hazard Index (HI) in the children was higher than the adults, but it was lower than the safe level (HI≤1) in the both groups. Co, Cr and Cd had the highest carcinogenic risk among the studied metals. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the street dust of Karaj is highly contaminated with toxic metals that long-term exposure with them can cause harmful effects, especially in children. Therefore, continuous monitoring of metal pollutants especially Co, Cr and Cd is recommended.http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-940-en.htmlmetalshealth riskstreet dustkaraj |
| spellingShingle | Rokhsareh Azimi-Yancheshmeh Mazaher Moeinaddini Sohrab Mazloomi Sadat Feyz Nia Reza Shahbazi Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Street Dust of Karaj City in 2018 Muhandisī-i Bihdāsht-i Muḥīṭ metals health risk street dust karaj |
| title | Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Street Dust of Karaj City in 2018 |
| title_full | Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Street Dust of Karaj City in 2018 |
| title_fullStr | Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Street Dust of Karaj City in 2018 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Street Dust of Karaj City in 2018 |
| title_short | Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Street Dust of Karaj City in 2018 |
| title_sort | health risk assessment of metals in street dust of karaj city in 2018 |
| topic | metals health risk street dust karaj |
| url | http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-940-en.html |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rokhsarehazimiyancheshmeh healthriskassessmentofmetalsinstreetdustofkarajcityin2018 AT mazahermoeinaddini healthriskassessmentofmetalsinstreetdustofkarajcityin2018 AT sohrabmazloomi healthriskassessmentofmetalsinstreetdustofkarajcityin2018 AT sadatfeyznia healthriskassessmentofmetalsinstreetdustofkarajcityin2018 AT rezashahbazi healthriskassessmentofmetalsinstreetdustofkarajcityin2018 |