Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Short-Term Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review
The relationship between inflammation and venous thrombosis is not well understood. An inflammatory response may be both the cause and consequence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In fact, several risk factors of VTE modulate thrombosis through inflammatory markers. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2627 |
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| author | Francisco Galeano-Valle Lucía Ordieres-Ortega Crhistian Mario Oblitas Jorge del-Toro-Cervera Luis Alvarez-Sala-Walther Pablo Demelo-Rodríguez |
| author_facet | Francisco Galeano-Valle Lucía Ordieres-Ortega Crhistian Mario Oblitas Jorge del-Toro-Cervera Luis Alvarez-Sala-Walther Pablo Demelo-Rodríguez |
| author_sort | Francisco Galeano-Valle |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The relationship between inflammation and venous thrombosis is not well understood. An inflammatory response may be both the cause and consequence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In fact, several risk factors of VTE modulate thrombosis through inflammatory markers. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is burdened by a remarkable mortality rate, up to 34% in severely ill patients presenting with hemodynamic instability. Initial mortality risk stratification is based on hemodynamic instability. Patients with a situation of hemodynamic stability require immediate further risk assessment based on clinical, imaging, and circulating biomarkers, as well as the presence of comorbidities. Some inflammatory biomarkers have shown potential usefulness in the risk stratification of patients with VTE, especially acute PE. C-reactive protein on admission is associated with 30-day mortality and bleeding in VTE patients. P-selectin is associated with right ventricle dysfunction in PE patients and might be associated with VTE recurrences and the extension of thrombosis. Tissue factor microparticles are associated with VTE recurrence in cancer-associated thrombosis. Other inflammatory biomarkers present scarce evidence (inflammatory cytokines, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen, leukocyte count). In this manuscript, we will review the prognostic role of different inflammatory biomarkers available both for clinical practice and research in VTE patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:18:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52937422a04848428588429f7b013f34 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:18:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-52937422a04848428588429f7b013f342023-12-03T12:42:55ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-03-01225262710.3390/ijms22052627Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Short-Term Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative ReviewFrancisco Galeano-Valle0Lucía Ordieres-Ortega1Crhistian Mario Oblitas2Jorge del-Toro-Cervera3Luis Alvarez-Sala-Walther4Pablo Demelo-Rodríguez5Venous Thromboembolism Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, SpainVenous Thromboembolism Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, SpainVenous Thromboembolism Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, SpainVenous Thromboembolism Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, SpainSchool of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainVenous Thromboembolism Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, SpainThe relationship between inflammation and venous thrombosis is not well understood. An inflammatory response may be both the cause and consequence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In fact, several risk factors of VTE modulate thrombosis through inflammatory markers. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is burdened by a remarkable mortality rate, up to 34% in severely ill patients presenting with hemodynamic instability. Initial mortality risk stratification is based on hemodynamic instability. Patients with a situation of hemodynamic stability require immediate further risk assessment based on clinical, imaging, and circulating biomarkers, as well as the presence of comorbidities. Some inflammatory biomarkers have shown potential usefulness in the risk stratification of patients with VTE, especially acute PE. C-reactive protein on admission is associated with 30-day mortality and bleeding in VTE patients. P-selectin is associated with right ventricle dysfunction in PE patients and might be associated with VTE recurrences and the extension of thrombosis. Tissue factor microparticles are associated with VTE recurrence in cancer-associated thrombosis. Other inflammatory biomarkers present scarce evidence (inflammatory cytokines, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen, leukocyte count). In this manuscript, we will review the prognostic role of different inflammatory biomarkers available both for clinical practice and research in VTE patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2627biomarkersdeep vein thrombosisinflammationpulmonary embolismprognosticreactive C protein |
| spellingShingle | Francisco Galeano-Valle Lucía Ordieres-Ortega Crhistian Mario Oblitas Jorge del-Toro-Cervera Luis Alvarez-Sala-Walther Pablo Demelo-Rodríguez Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Short-Term Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences biomarkers deep vein thrombosis inflammation pulmonary embolism prognostic reactive C protein |
| title | Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Short-Term Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Short-Term Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Short-Term Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Short-Term Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Short-Term Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | inflammatory biomarkers in the short term prognosis of venous thromboembolism a narrative review |
| topic | biomarkers deep vein thrombosis inflammation pulmonary embolism prognostic reactive C protein |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2627 |
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