<i>Chirohepevirus</i> from Bats: Insights into Hepatitis E Virus Diversity and Evolution
Homologs of the human hepatitis E virus (HEV) have been identified in more than a dozen animal species. Some of them have been evidenced to cross species barriers and infect humans. Zoonotic HEV infections cause chronic liver diseases as well as a broad range of extrahepatic manifestations, which in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/905 |
| _version_ | 1797494649774931968 |
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| author | Bo Wang Xing-Lou Yang |
| author_facet | Bo Wang Xing-Lou Yang |
| author_sort | Bo Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Homologs of the human hepatitis E virus (HEV) have been identified in more than a dozen animal species. Some of them have been evidenced to cross species barriers and infect humans. Zoonotic HEV infections cause chronic liver diseases as well as a broad range of extrahepatic manifestations, which increasingly become significant clinical problems. Bats comprise approximately one-fifth of all named mammal species and are unique in their distinct immune response to viral infection. Most importantly, they are natural reservoirs of several highly pathogenic viruses, which have induced severe human diseases. Since the first discovery of HEV-related viruses in bats in 2012, multiple genetically divergent HEV variants have been reported in a total of 12 bat species over the last decade, which markedly expanded the host range of the HEV family and shed light on the evolutionary origin of human HEV. Meanwhile, bat-borne HEV also raised critical public health concerns about its zoonotic potential. Bat HEV strains resemble genomic features but exhibit considerable heterogeneity. Due to the close evolutionary relationships, bat HEV altogether has been recently assigned to an independent genus, <i>Chirohepevirus</i>. This review focuses on the current state of bat HEV and provides novel insights into HEV genetic diversity and molecular evolution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:37:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52952b2c38e24f4fa1fdf6feb728b3e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:37:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-52952b2c38e24f4fa1fdf6feb728b3e62023-11-23T13:30:01ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-04-0114590510.3390/v14050905<i>Chirohepevirus</i> from Bats: Insights into Hepatitis E Virus Diversity and EvolutionBo Wang0Xing-Lou Yang1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USAKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650023, ChinaHomologs of the human hepatitis E virus (HEV) have been identified in more than a dozen animal species. Some of them have been evidenced to cross species barriers and infect humans. Zoonotic HEV infections cause chronic liver diseases as well as a broad range of extrahepatic manifestations, which increasingly become significant clinical problems. Bats comprise approximately one-fifth of all named mammal species and are unique in their distinct immune response to viral infection. Most importantly, they are natural reservoirs of several highly pathogenic viruses, which have induced severe human diseases. Since the first discovery of HEV-related viruses in bats in 2012, multiple genetically divergent HEV variants have been reported in a total of 12 bat species over the last decade, which markedly expanded the host range of the HEV family and shed light on the evolutionary origin of human HEV. Meanwhile, bat-borne HEV also raised critical public health concerns about its zoonotic potential. Bat HEV strains resemble genomic features but exhibit considerable heterogeneity. Due to the close evolutionary relationships, bat HEV altogether has been recently assigned to an independent genus, <i>Chirohepevirus</i>. This review focuses on the current state of bat HEV and provides novel insights into HEV genetic diversity and molecular evolution.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/905hepatitis E virus<i>Chirohepevirus</i>HEV-Dbatsgenetic diversitygenomic catheterization |
| spellingShingle | Bo Wang Xing-Lou Yang <i>Chirohepevirus</i> from Bats: Insights into Hepatitis E Virus Diversity and Evolution Viruses hepatitis E virus <i>Chirohepevirus</i> HEV-D bats genetic diversity genomic catheterization |
| title | <i>Chirohepevirus</i> from Bats: Insights into Hepatitis E Virus Diversity and Evolution |
| title_full | <i>Chirohepevirus</i> from Bats: Insights into Hepatitis E Virus Diversity and Evolution |
| title_fullStr | <i>Chirohepevirus</i> from Bats: Insights into Hepatitis E Virus Diversity and Evolution |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Chirohepevirus</i> from Bats: Insights into Hepatitis E Virus Diversity and Evolution |
| title_short | <i>Chirohepevirus</i> from Bats: Insights into Hepatitis E Virus Diversity and Evolution |
| title_sort | i chirohepevirus i from bats insights into hepatitis e virus diversity and evolution |
| topic | hepatitis E virus <i>Chirohepevirus</i> HEV-D bats genetic diversity genomic catheterization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/5/905 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bowang ichirohepevirusifrombatsinsightsintohepatitisevirusdiversityandevolution AT xinglouyang ichirohepevirusifrombatsinsightsintohepatitisevirusdiversityandevolution |