A dual-crosslinking electroactive hydrogel based on gelatin methacrylate and dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol for 3D bio-printing
Abstract Gelatin was widely used as scaffold materials in 3D bio-printing due to its excellent bioactivity and availability and especially that their arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) sequences could efficiently promote cell adhesion and proliferation. In this study, an electroactive and 3D bio-p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54853-9 |
| _version_ | 1797274927709028352 |
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| author | Yulong Wang Songsong Yang Heqing Cai Hailong Hu Kun Hu Zhicheng Sun Ruping Liu Yen Wei Lu Han |
| author_facet | Yulong Wang Songsong Yang Heqing Cai Hailong Hu Kun Hu Zhicheng Sun Ruping Liu Yen Wei Lu Han |
| author_sort | Yulong Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Gelatin was widely used as scaffold materials in 3D bio-printing due to its excellent bioactivity and availability and especially that their arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) sequences could efficiently promote cell adhesion and proliferation. In this study, an electroactive and 3D bio-printable hydrogel was prepared through a two-step chemical cross-linking process. Specifically, residual free amino groups of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) were cross-linked with the aldehyde groups of dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol (DF-PEG) via Schiff base bonds, forming a gel at 37 °C. During the subsequent 3D bio-printing process, GelMA underwent UV curing, forming a secondary cross-linked network to the mechanical strength and stability of the printed structure. The uniform dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the GelMA/DF-PEG composite hydrogel significantly increased its conductivity. The optimized GelMA/DF-PEG composite hydrogel, i.e., 30% GelMA and 25% DF-PEG (G30D25-CNTs), exhibited superior bio-printability. When the content of CNTs was above 4%, the conductivity of G30D25-CNTs hydrogel exceeded 10–2 S/m, which satisfied the needs of cells for micro-current stimulation. Furthermore, the pore microstructures, swelling behavior, degradation ability and cell toxicity of G30D25-CNTs electroactive hydrogels were thoroughly evaluated. Thus, the G30D25-CNTs hydrogel with 4% MWCNTs could be considered for further application in electrical stimulation of tissue regeneration such as muscle and cardiac nerve tissue repair. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:06:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52a18bab1e134ca0909761f527f25a3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:06:06Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-52a18bab1e134ca0909761f527f25a3e2024-03-05T18:53:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-02-0114111210.1038/s41598-024-54853-9A dual-crosslinking electroactive hydrogel based on gelatin methacrylate and dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol for 3D bio-printingYulong Wang0Songsong Yang1Heqing Cai2Hailong Hu3Kun Hu4Zhicheng Sun5Ruping Liu6Yen Wei7Lu Han8The Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic CommunicationThe Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic CommunicationThe Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic CommunicationThe Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic CommunicationThe Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic CommunicationThe Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic CommunicationThe Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic CommunicationThe Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic CommunicationThe Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Bio-Fabrication, Beijing Institute of Graphic CommunicationAbstract Gelatin was widely used as scaffold materials in 3D bio-printing due to its excellent bioactivity and availability and especially that their arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) sequences could efficiently promote cell adhesion and proliferation. In this study, an electroactive and 3D bio-printable hydrogel was prepared through a two-step chemical cross-linking process. Specifically, residual free amino groups of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) were cross-linked with the aldehyde groups of dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol (DF-PEG) via Schiff base bonds, forming a gel at 37 °C. During the subsequent 3D bio-printing process, GelMA underwent UV curing, forming a secondary cross-linked network to the mechanical strength and stability of the printed structure. The uniform dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the GelMA/DF-PEG composite hydrogel significantly increased its conductivity. The optimized GelMA/DF-PEG composite hydrogel, i.e., 30% GelMA and 25% DF-PEG (G30D25-CNTs), exhibited superior bio-printability. When the content of CNTs was above 4%, the conductivity of G30D25-CNTs hydrogel exceeded 10–2 S/m, which satisfied the needs of cells for micro-current stimulation. Furthermore, the pore microstructures, swelling behavior, degradation ability and cell toxicity of G30D25-CNTs electroactive hydrogels were thoroughly evaluated. Thus, the G30D25-CNTs hydrogel with 4% MWCNTs could be considered for further application in electrical stimulation of tissue regeneration such as muscle and cardiac nerve tissue repair.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54853-9 |
| spellingShingle | Yulong Wang Songsong Yang Heqing Cai Hailong Hu Kun Hu Zhicheng Sun Ruping Liu Yen Wei Lu Han A dual-crosslinking electroactive hydrogel based on gelatin methacrylate and dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol for 3D bio-printing Scientific Reports |
| title | A dual-crosslinking electroactive hydrogel based on gelatin methacrylate and dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol for 3D bio-printing |
| title_full | A dual-crosslinking electroactive hydrogel based on gelatin methacrylate and dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol for 3D bio-printing |
| title_fullStr | A dual-crosslinking electroactive hydrogel based on gelatin methacrylate and dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol for 3D bio-printing |
| title_full_unstemmed | A dual-crosslinking electroactive hydrogel based on gelatin methacrylate and dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol for 3D bio-printing |
| title_short | A dual-crosslinking electroactive hydrogel based on gelatin methacrylate and dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol for 3D bio-printing |
| title_sort | dual crosslinking electroactive hydrogel based on gelatin methacrylate and dibenzaldehyde terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol for 3d bio printing |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54853-9 |
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