Effects of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarette Smoking on the Secretion of Saliva and Its Innate Immune System Components
Saliva and salivary antimicrobial proteins play important roles in the innate immunity, which prevents infections of orally invading bacteria and viruses. In this study, we compared the secretion rates of salivary lactoferrin (Lac) and lysozyme (Lys) in heat-not-burn (HNB) cigarette smokers and non-...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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author | Yukihiro Mori Mamoru Tanaka Hana Kozai Yuka Aoyama Yukihiro Shigeno Kiyoshi Hotta Makoto Aoike Hatsumi Kawamura Masato Tsurudome Morihiro Ito |
author_facet | Yukihiro Mori Mamoru Tanaka Hana Kozai Yuka Aoyama Yukihiro Shigeno Kiyoshi Hotta Makoto Aoike Hatsumi Kawamura Masato Tsurudome Morihiro Ito |
author_sort | Yukihiro Mori |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Saliva and salivary antimicrobial proteins play important roles in the innate immunity, which prevents infections of orally invading bacteria and viruses. In this study, we compared the secretion rates of salivary lactoferrin (Lac) and lysozyme (Lys) in heat-not-burn (HNB) cigarette smokers and non-smokers. The analysis population for this study included 212 members of the fire department, including 32 HNB cigarette smokers, 17 paper cigarette smokers, 14 combined HNB and paper cigarette smokers, and 149 non-smokers. Salivary Lac and Lys concentrations were assessed using enzyme immunoassay. Saliva secretion was significantly lower among HNB cigarette smokers (<i>p</i> < 0.01) than among non-smokers. Accompanying this result, salivary Lac and Lys secretion rates were significantly lower among smokers, particularly HNB cigarette smokers, than among non-smokers (all <i>p</i> < 0.01). Our findings suggest a possible adverse effect of HNB cigarette on the amount of Lac and Lys released into the oral cavity. |
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id | doaj.art-52a54ec747d848078b0e90a8e8bf66d6 |
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issn | 2227-9032 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:00:46Z |
publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
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series | Healthcare |
spelling | doaj.art-52a54ec747d848078b0e90a8e8bf66d62023-11-16T15:26:01ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322022-12-0111113210.3390/healthcare11010132Effects of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarette Smoking on the Secretion of Saliva and Its Innate Immune System ComponentsYukihiro Mori0Mamoru Tanaka1Hana Kozai2Yuka Aoyama3Yukihiro Shigeno4Kiyoshi Hotta5Makoto Aoike6Hatsumi Kawamura7Masato Tsurudome8Morihiro Ito9Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanDepartment of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanGraduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanThe Fire Department Headquarters in Kasugai-City, 109-1 Umegatsubo-cho, Kasugai 486-0856, Aichi, JapanCenter for Nursing Practicum Support, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanGraduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanGraduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanGraduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanGraduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, JapanSaliva and salivary antimicrobial proteins play important roles in the innate immunity, which prevents infections of orally invading bacteria and viruses. In this study, we compared the secretion rates of salivary lactoferrin (Lac) and lysozyme (Lys) in heat-not-burn (HNB) cigarette smokers and non-smokers. The analysis population for this study included 212 members of the fire department, including 32 HNB cigarette smokers, 17 paper cigarette smokers, 14 combined HNB and paper cigarette smokers, and 149 non-smokers. Salivary Lac and Lys concentrations were assessed using enzyme immunoassay. Saliva secretion was significantly lower among HNB cigarette smokers (<i>p</i> < 0.01) than among non-smokers. Accompanying this result, salivary Lac and Lys secretion rates were significantly lower among smokers, particularly HNB cigarette smokers, than among non-smokers (all <i>p</i> < 0.01). Our findings suggest a possible adverse effect of HNB cigarette on the amount of Lac and Lys released into the oral cavity.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/1/132heat-not-burn tobaccosalivalactoferrinlysozymeantimicrobial proteins |
spellingShingle | Yukihiro Mori Mamoru Tanaka Hana Kozai Yuka Aoyama Yukihiro Shigeno Kiyoshi Hotta Makoto Aoike Hatsumi Kawamura Masato Tsurudome Morihiro Ito Effects of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarette Smoking on the Secretion of Saliva and Its Innate Immune System Components Healthcare heat-not-burn tobacco saliva lactoferrin lysozyme antimicrobial proteins |
title | Effects of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarette Smoking on the Secretion of Saliva and Its Innate Immune System Components |
title_full | Effects of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarette Smoking on the Secretion of Saliva and Its Innate Immune System Components |
title_fullStr | Effects of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarette Smoking on the Secretion of Saliva and Its Innate Immune System Components |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarette Smoking on the Secretion of Saliva and Its Innate Immune System Components |
title_short | Effects of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarette Smoking on the Secretion of Saliva and Its Innate Immune System Components |
title_sort | effects of heat not burn cigarette smoking on the secretion of saliva and its innate immune system components |
topic | heat-not-burn tobacco saliva lactoferrin lysozyme antimicrobial proteins |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/1/132 |
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