Molecular and Hormonal Regulation of Leaf Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis
Shoot apical meristems (SAM) are tissues that function as a site of continuous organogenesis, which indicates that a small pool of pluripotent stem cells replenishes into lateral organs. The coordination of intercellular and intracellular networks is essential for maintaining SAM structure and size...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/14/5132 |
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| author | Shahid Ali Naeem Khan Linan Xie |
| author_facet | Shahid Ali Naeem Khan Linan Xie |
| author_sort | Shahid Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Shoot apical meristems (SAM) are tissues that function as a site of continuous organogenesis, which indicates that a small pool of pluripotent stem cells replenishes into lateral organs. The coordination of intercellular and intracellular networks is essential for maintaining SAM structure and size and also leads to patterning and formation of lateral organs. Leaves initiate from the flanks of SAM and then develop into a flattened structure with variable sizes and forms. This process is mainly regulated by the transcriptional regulators and mechanical properties that modulate leaf development. Leaf initiation along with proper orientation is necessary for photosynthesis and thus vital for plant survival. Leaf development is controlled by different components such as hormones, transcription factors, miRNAs, small peptides, and epigenetic marks. Moreover, the adaxial/abaxial cell fate, lamina growth, and shape of margins are determined by certain regulatory mechanisms. The over-expression and repression of various factors responsible for leaf initiation, development, and shape have been previously studied in several mutants. However, in this review, we collectively discuss how these factors modulate leaf development in the context of leaf initiation, polarity establishment, leaf flattening and shape. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:20:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52a9a96d9d044b5b86f19e5169893b7d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:20:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-52a9a96d9d044b5b86f19e5169893b7d2023-11-20T07:22:31ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-07-012114513210.3390/ijms21145132Molecular and Hormonal Regulation of Leaf Morphogenesis in ArabidopsisShahid Ali0Naeem Khan1Linan Xie2College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaDepartment of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USACollege of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaShoot apical meristems (SAM) are tissues that function as a site of continuous organogenesis, which indicates that a small pool of pluripotent stem cells replenishes into lateral organs. The coordination of intercellular and intracellular networks is essential for maintaining SAM structure and size and also leads to patterning and formation of lateral organs. Leaves initiate from the flanks of SAM and then develop into a flattened structure with variable sizes and forms. This process is mainly regulated by the transcriptional regulators and mechanical properties that modulate leaf development. Leaf initiation along with proper orientation is necessary for photosynthesis and thus vital for plant survival. Leaf development is controlled by different components such as hormones, transcription factors, miRNAs, small peptides, and epigenetic marks. Moreover, the adaxial/abaxial cell fate, lamina growth, and shape of margins are determined by certain regulatory mechanisms. The over-expression and repression of various factors responsible for leaf initiation, development, and shape have been previously studied in several mutants. However, in this review, we collectively discuss how these factors modulate leaf development in the context of leaf initiation, polarity establishment, leaf flattening and shape.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/14/5132adaxial/abaxialleaf developmentmiRNAsshoot apical meristemtranscription factors |
| spellingShingle | Shahid Ali Naeem Khan Linan Xie Molecular and Hormonal Regulation of Leaf Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis International Journal of Molecular Sciences adaxial/abaxial leaf development miRNAs shoot apical meristem transcription factors |
| title | Molecular and Hormonal Regulation of Leaf Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis |
| title_full | Molecular and Hormonal Regulation of Leaf Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis |
| title_fullStr | Molecular and Hormonal Regulation of Leaf Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular and Hormonal Regulation of Leaf Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis |
| title_short | Molecular and Hormonal Regulation of Leaf Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis |
| title_sort | molecular and hormonal regulation of leaf morphogenesis in arabidopsis |
| topic | adaxial/abaxial leaf development miRNAs shoot apical meristem transcription factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/14/5132 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shahidali molecularandhormonalregulationofleafmorphogenesisinarabidopsis AT naeemkhan molecularandhormonalregulationofleafmorphogenesisinarabidopsis AT linanxie molecularandhormonalregulationofleafmorphogenesisinarabidopsis |