The “Oxygen Sink” of Bamboo Shoots Regulates and Guarantees the Oxygen Supply for Aerobic Respiration
The amazingly rapid growth of bamboo shoots requires strong respiration and provides a large amount of energy and intermediate metabolites. Strong aerobic respiration requires a large amount of O<sub>2</sub>. This raises the following question: What is the source and mechanism of O<su...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/5/944 |
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| author | Manchang Huang Aoshun Zhao Xingcui Ding Jian Li Jiajia Zhang Ruixiang Ma Zizhang Xiao Hanjiang Cai Anke Wang Yufang Bi |
| author_facet | Manchang Huang Aoshun Zhao Xingcui Ding Jian Li Jiajia Zhang Ruixiang Ma Zizhang Xiao Hanjiang Cai Anke Wang Yufang Bi |
| author_sort | Manchang Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The amazingly rapid growth of bamboo shoots requires strong respiration and provides a large amount of energy and intermediate metabolites. Strong aerobic respiration requires a large amount of O<sub>2</sub>. This raises the following question: What is the source and mechanism of O<sub>2</sub> supply to meet aerobic respiration? However, currently, this remains unknown. The underground buds (US), the 2-m-high overground buds (AS), and the 8-m-high growth arrest buds (HS) of bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys prominens</i>) were collected to represent their different stages of growth and development. The fifth bamboo shoot node at each stage was sealed by two membranes, and treated in a polyethylene zip-lock bag filled with air (21% O<sub>2</sub> + 79% N<sub>2</sub>) and nitrogen (100% N<sub>2</sub>) for 1.5 h. The concentrations of free O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> in the shoot cavities in polyethylene zip-lock bags, and the ethanol content in the shoot body before and after treatment were determined. In addition, the photosynthetic rates of the fifth bamboo internodes of 1 y/o, 2 y/o and 3 y/o bamboo in the field were measured. The results indicated that: (1) When treated with air and nitrogen, US, AS and HS mainly exhibited aerobic respiration, and there was almost no anaerobic respiration; (2) When treated with air, 59.66%, 54.47% and 45.84% of the O<sub>2</sub> in the aerobic respiration of US, AS and HS came from the polyethylene zip-lock bag, 0.06%, 0.57% and 0.650% came from the shoot cavity, but 40.28%, 44.96% and 53.51% of the O<sub>2</sub> was of an unknown source; (3) Treated by nitrogen, 0.19%, 4.71% and 4.79% of O<sub>2</sub> in aerobic respiration of US, AS and HS came from shoot cavity, while the other 99.808%, 95.290% and 95.21% of O<sub>2</sub> came from unknown sources; and (4) The photosynthesis of the fifth internodes of 1 y/o, 2 y/o and 3 y/o bamboo generated little oxygen that could not absolutely meet the huge O<sub>2</sub> supply for aerobic respiration. It was concluded that the respiration of <i>P. prominens</i> shoots in its different growth and development stages was dominated by aerobic respiration. O<sub>2</sub> supply pathways were mainly via the sheath stomata; however, there was little absorption from dissolved O<sub>2</sub> in the soil water and little supply produced by shoot/stem photosynthesis. It was found that the large supply of oxygen in the aerobic respiration of bamboo shoots and young bamboo was of an unknown source under air treatment and nitrogen treatment, i.e., 40.28%–53.51% and 95.21%–99.81% of oxygen in the aerobic respiration of bamboo shoots and young bamboo was of unknown origin, respectively. Therefore, we proposed that bamboo shoots may exhibit the phenomenon of acting as an “oxygen sink”, which can provide a large amount of O<sub>2</sub> from unknown sources to ensure the rapid growth of bamboo shoots and young bamboo. |
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| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-52abb3c33110447eb8183d9aad6e6a582023-11-18T01:24:02ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072023-05-0114594410.3390/f14050944The “Oxygen Sink” of Bamboo Shoots Regulates and Guarantees the Oxygen Supply for Aerobic RespirationManchang Huang0Aoshun Zhao1Xingcui Ding2Jian Li3Jiajia Zhang4Ruixiang Ma5Zizhang Xiao6Hanjiang Cai7Anke Wang8Yufang Bi9The Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaForestry Technology Extension Center of Tonglu County, Tonglu 311500, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaThe amazingly rapid growth of bamboo shoots requires strong respiration and provides a large amount of energy and intermediate metabolites. Strong aerobic respiration requires a large amount of O<sub>2</sub>. This raises the following question: What is the source and mechanism of O<sub>2</sub> supply to meet aerobic respiration? However, currently, this remains unknown. The underground buds (US), the 2-m-high overground buds (AS), and the 8-m-high growth arrest buds (HS) of bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys prominens</i>) were collected to represent their different stages of growth and development. The fifth bamboo shoot node at each stage was sealed by two membranes, and treated in a polyethylene zip-lock bag filled with air (21% O<sub>2</sub> + 79% N<sub>2</sub>) and nitrogen (100% N<sub>2</sub>) for 1.5 h. The concentrations of free O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> in the shoot cavities in polyethylene zip-lock bags, and the ethanol content in the shoot body before and after treatment were determined. In addition, the photosynthetic rates of the fifth bamboo internodes of 1 y/o, 2 y/o and 3 y/o bamboo in the field were measured. The results indicated that: (1) When treated with air and nitrogen, US, AS and HS mainly exhibited aerobic respiration, and there was almost no anaerobic respiration; (2) When treated with air, 59.66%, 54.47% and 45.84% of the O<sub>2</sub> in the aerobic respiration of US, AS and HS came from the polyethylene zip-lock bag, 0.06%, 0.57% and 0.650% came from the shoot cavity, but 40.28%, 44.96% and 53.51% of the O<sub>2</sub> was of an unknown source; (3) Treated by nitrogen, 0.19%, 4.71% and 4.79% of O<sub>2</sub> in aerobic respiration of US, AS and HS came from shoot cavity, while the other 99.808%, 95.290% and 95.21% of O<sub>2</sub> came from unknown sources; and (4) The photosynthesis of the fifth internodes of 1 y/o, 2 y/o and 3 y/o bamboo generated little oxygen that could not absolutely meet the huge O<sub>2</sub> supply for aerobic respiration. It was concluded that the respiration of <i>P. prominens</i> shoots in its different growth and development stages was dominated by aerobic respiration. O<sub>2</sub> supply pathways were mainly via the sheath stomata; however, there was little absorption from dissolved O<sub>2</sub> in the soil water and little supply produced by shoot/stem photosynthesis. It was found that the large supply of oxygen in the aerobic respiration of bamboo shoots and young bamboo was of an unknown source under air treatment and nitrogen treatment, i.e., 40.28%–53.51% and 95.21%–99.81% of oxygen in the aerobic respiration of bamboo shoots and young bamboo was of unknown origin, respectively. Therefore, we proposed that bamboo shoots may exhibit the phenomenon of acting as an “oxygen sink”, which can provide a large amount of O<sub>2</sub> from unknown sources to ensure the rapid growth of bamboo shoots and young bamboo.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/5/944<i>Phyllostachys prominens</i>growthoxygen of unknown sourcesoxygen sink |
| spellingShingle | Manchang Huang Aoshun Zhao Xingcui Ding Jian Li Jiajia Zhang Ruixiang Ma Zizhang Xiao Hanjiang Cai Anke Wang Yufang Bi The “Oxygen Sink” of Bamboo Shoots Regulates and Guarantees the Oxygen Supply for Aerobic Respiration Forests <i>Phyllostachys prominens</i> growth oxygen of unknown sources oxygen sink |
| title | The “Oxygen Sink” of Bamboo Shoots Regulates and Guarantees the Oxygen Supply for Aerobic Respiration |
| title_full | The “Oxygen Sink” of Bamboo Shoots Regulates and Guarantees the Oxygen Supply for Aerobic Respiration |
| title_fullStr | The “Oxygen Sink” of Bamboo Shoots Regulates and Guarantees the Oxygen Supply for Aerobic Respiration |
| title_full_unstemmed | The “Oxygen Sink” of Bamboo Shoots Regulates and Guarantees the Oxygen Supply for Aerobic Respiration |
| title_short | The “Oxygen Sink” of Bamboo Shoots Regulates and Guarantees the Oxygen Supply for Aerobic Respiration |
| title_sort | oxygen sink of bamboo shoots regulates and guarantees the oxygen supply for aerobic respiration |
| topic | <i>Phyllostachys prominens</i> growth oxygen of unknown sources oxygen sink |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/5/944 |
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