Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in Controlling <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>-Mediated Mastitis
Mastitis is an emerging health concern in animals. An increased incidence of mastitis in dairy cows has been reported in the last few years across the world. It is estimated that up to 20% of cows are suffering from mastitis, causing incompetency in the mucosal immunity and resulting in excessive gl...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/18/3687 |
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| author | Muhammad Akhtar Syed Umair-Ali-Shah Naqvi Qiyao Liu Hong Pan Ziyu Ma Na Kong Yan Chen Deshi Shi Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar Jawaria Ali Khan Huazhen Liu |
| author_facet | Muhammad Akhtar Syed Umair-Ali-Shah Naqvi Qiyao Liu Hong Pan Ziyu Ma Na Kong Yan Chen Deshi Shi Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar Jawaria Ali Khan Huazhen Liu |
| author_sort | Muhammad Akhtar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mastitis is an emerging health concern in animals. An increased incidence of mastitis in dairy cows has been reported in the last few years across the world. It is estimated that up to 20% of cows are suffering from mastitis, causing incompetency in the mucosal immunity and resulting in excessive global economic losses in the dairy industry. <i>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</i> has been reported as the most common bacterial pathogen of mastitis at clinical and sub-clinical levels. Antibiotics, including penicillin, macrolides, lincomycin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and methicillin, were used to cure <i>S. aureus</i>-induced mastitis. However, <i>S. aureus</i> is resistant to most antibiotics, and methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) especially has emerged as a critical health concern. MRSA impairs immune homeostasis leaving the host more susceptible to other infections. Thus, exploring an alternative to antibiotics has become an immediate requirement of the current decade. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the potent bioactive metabolites produced by host gut microbiota through fermentation and play a crucial role in host/pathogen interaction and could be applied as a potential therapeutic agent against mastitis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanism by which SCFAs alleviate mastitis, providing the theoretical reference for the usage of SCFAs in preventing or curing mastitis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:56:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52aea12618bd43ef9af8c56149e7810a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:56:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-52aea12618bd43ef9af8c56149e7810a2023-11-23T18:10:02ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-09-011418368710.3390/nu14183687Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in Controlling <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>-Mediated MastitisMuhammad Akhtar0Syed Umair-Ali-Shah Naqvi1Qiyao Liu2Hong Pan3Ziyu Ma4Na Kong5Yan Chen6Deshi Shi7Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar8Jawaria Ali Khan9Huazhen Liu10Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Zoology, Government Islamia Graduate College, Civil Lines, Lahore 54000, PakistanKey Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, PakistanKey Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaMastitis is an emerging health concern in animals. An increased incidence of mastitis in dairy cows has been reported in the last few years across the world. It is estimated that up to 20% of cows are suffering from mastitis, causing incompetency in the mucosal immunity and resulting in excessive global economic losses in the dairy industry. <i>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</i> has been reported as the most common bacterial pathogen of mastitis at clinical and sub-clinical levels. Antibiotics, including penicillin, macrolides, lincomycin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and methicillin, were used to cure <i>S. aureus</i>-induced mastitis. However, <i>S. aureus</i> is resistant to most antibiotics, and methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) especially has emerged as a critical health concern. MRSA impairs immune homeostasis leaving the host more susceptible to other infections. Thus, exploring an alternative to antibiotics has become an immediate requirement of the current decade. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the potent bioactive metabolites produced by host gut microbiota through fermentation and play a crucial role in host/pathogen interaction and could be applied as a potential therapeutic agent against mastitis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanism by which SCFAs alleviate mastitis, providing the theoretical reference for the usage of SCFAs in preventing or curing mastitis.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/18/3687short chain fatty acids<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>mastitisimmunomodulationimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Akhtar Syed Umair-Ali-Shah Naqvi Qiyao Liu Hong Pan Ziyu Ma Na Kong Yan Chen Deshi Shi Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar Jawaria Ali Khan Huazhen Liu Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in Controlling <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>-Mediated Mastitis Nutrients short chain fatty acids <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> mastitis immunomodulation immune response |
| title | Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in Controlling <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>-Mediated Mastitis |
| title_full | Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in Controlling <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>-Mediated Mastitis |
| title_fullStr | Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in Controlling <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>-Mediated Mastitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in Controlling <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>-Mediated Mastitis |
| title_short | Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) Are the Potential Immunomodulatory Metabolites in Controlling <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>-Mediated Mastitis |
| title_sort | short chain fatty acids scfas are the potential immunomodulatory metabolites in controlling em staphylococcus aureus em mediated mastitis |
| topic | short chain fatty acids <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> mastitis immunomodulation immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/18/3687 |
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