High-sensitivity in various gyrator-based circuits with exceptional points of degeneracy
Exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) can enhance the sensitivity of circuits by orders of magnitude. We show various configurations of coupled LC resonators via a gyrator that support EPDs of second and third-order. Each resonator includes a capacitor and inductor with a positive or negative value...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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EDP Sciences
2022-01-01
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| Series: | EPJ Applied Metamaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://epjam.edp-open.org/articles/epjam/full_html/2022/01/epjam210034/epjam210034.html |
| _version_ | 1811179708074688512 |
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| author | Rouhi Kasra Nikzamir Alireza Figotin Alexander Capolino Filippo |
| author_facet | Rouhi Kasra Nikzamir Alireza Figotin Alexander Capolino Filippo |
| author_sort | Rouhi Kasra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) can enhance the sensitivity of circuits by orders of magnitude. We show various configurations of coupled LC resonators via a gyrator that support EPDs of second and third-order. Each resonator includes a capacitor and inductor with a positive or negative value, and the corresponding EPD frequency could be real or imaginary. When a perturbation occurs in the second-order EPD gyrator-based circuit, we show that there are two real-valued frequencies shifted from the EPD one, following a square root law. This is contrary to what happens in a Parity-Time (PT) symmetric circuits where the two perturbed resonances are complex valued. We show how to get a stable EPD by coupling two unstable resonators, how to get an unstable EPD with an imaginary frequency, and how to get an EPD with a real frequency using an asymmetric gyrator. The relevant Puiseux fractional power series expansion shows the EPD occurrence and the circuit's sensitivity to perturbations. Our findings pave the way for new types of high-sensitive devices that can be used to sense physical, chemical, or biological changes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:39:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52af45898d234b09aeedaa1bfc7e5c00 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2272-2394 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:39:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | EDP Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EPJ Applied Metamaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-52af45898d234b09aeedaa1bfc7e5c002022-12-22T04:39:36ZengEDP SciencesEPJ Applied Metamaterials2272-23942022-01-019810.1051/epjam/2022005epjam210034High-sensitivity in various gyrator-based circuits with exceptional points of degeneracyRouhi Kasra0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1226-0104Nikzamir Alireza1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0111-0220Figotin Alexander2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-1148Capolino Filippo3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0758-6182Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Mathematics, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of CaliforniaExceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) can enhance the sensitivity of circuits by orders of magnitude. We show various configurations of coupled LC resonators via a gyrator that support EPDs of second and third-order. Each resonator includes a capacitor and inductor with a positive or negative value, and the corresponding EPD frequency could be real or imaginary. When a perturbation occurs in the second-order EPD gyrator-based circuit, we show that there are two real-valued frequencies shifted from the EPD one, following a square root law. This is contrary to what happens in a Parity-Time (PT) symmetric circuits where the two perturbed resonances are complex valued. We show how to get a stable EPD by coupling two unstable resonators, how to get an unstable EPD with an imaginary frequency, and how to get an EPD with a real frequency using an asymmetric gyrator. The relevant Puiseux fractional power series expansion shows the EPD occurrence and the circuit's sensitivity to perturbations. Our findings pave the way for new types of high-sensitive devices that can be used to sense physical, chemical, or biological changes.https://epjam.edp-open.org/articles/epjam/full_html/2022/01/epjam210034/epjam210034.htmlcoupled resonatorsenhanced sensitivityexceptional points of degeneracy (epds)gyratorperturbation theory |
| spellingShingle | Rouhi Kasra Nikzamir Alireza Figotin Alexander Capolino Filippo High-sensitivity in various gyrator-based circuits with exceptional points of degeneracy EPJ Applied Metamaterials coupled resonators enhanced sensitivity exceptional points of degeneracy (epds) gyrator perturbation theory |
| title | High-sensitivity in various gyrator-based circuits with exceptional points of degeneracy |
| title_full | High-sensitivity in various gyrator-based circuits with exceptional points of degeneracy |
| title_fullStr | High-sensitivity in various gyrator-based circuits with exceptional points of degeneracy |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-sensitivity in various gyrator-based circuits with exceptional points of degeneracy |
| title_short | High-sensitivity in various gyrator-based circuits with exceptional points of degeneracy |
| title_sort | high sensitivity in various gyrator based circuits with exceptional points of degeneracy |
| topic | coupled resonators enhanced sensitivity exceptional points of degeneracy (epds) gyrator perturbation theory |
| url | https://epjam.edp-open.org/articles/epjam/full_html/2022/01/epjam210034/epjam210034.html |
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