Activation, Amplification, and Ablation as Dynamic Mechanisms of Dendritic Cell Maturation
T cell responses to cognate antigens crucially depend on the specific functionality of dendritic cells (DCs) activated in a process referred to as maturation. Maturation was initially described as alterations of the functional status of DCs in direct response to multiple extrinsic innate signals der...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/5/716 |
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| author | Jessica Bourque Daniel Hawiger |
| author_facet | Jessica Bourque Daniel Hawiger |
| author_sort | Jessica Bourque |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | T cell responses to cognate antigens crucially depend on the specific functionality of dendritic cells (DCs) activated in a process referred to as maturation. Maturation was initially described as alterations of the functional status of DCs in direct response to multiple extrinsic innate signals derived from foreign organisms. More recent studies, conducted mainly in mice, revealed an intricate network of intrinsic signals dependent on cytokines and various immunomodulatory pathways facilitating communication between individual DCs and other cells for the orchestration of specific maturation outcomes. These signals selectively amplify the initial activation of DCs mediated by innate factors and dynamically shape DC functionalities by ablating DCs with specific functions. Here, we discuss the effects of the initial activation of DCs that crucially includes the production of cytokine intermediaries to collectively achieve amplification of the maturation process and further precise sculpting of the functional landscapes among DCs. By emphasizing the interconnectedness of the intracellular and intercellular mechanisms, we reveal activation, amplification, and ablation as the mechanistically integrated components of the DC maturation process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:55:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52b492e3a3cd4052a966640b05538edc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:55:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-52b492e3a3cd4052a966640b05538edc2023-11-18T00:33:23ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-05-0112571610.3390/biology12050716Activation, Amplification, and Ablation as Dynamic Mechanisms of Dendritic Cell MaturationJessica Bourque0Daniel Hawiger1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USADepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USAT cell responses to cognate antigens crucially depend on the specific functionality of dendritic cells (DCs) activated in a process referred to as maturation. Maturation was initially described as alterations of the functional status of DCs in direct response to multiple extrinsic innate signals derived from foreign organisms. More recent studies, conducted mainly in mice, revealed an intricate network of intrinsic signals dependent on cytokines and various immunomodulatory pathways facilitating communication between individual DCs and other cells for the orchestration of specific maturation outcomes. These signals selectively amplify the initial activation of DCs mediated by innate factors and dynamically shape DC functionalities by ablating DCs with specific functions. Here, we discuss the effects of the initial activation of DCs that crucially includes the production of cytokine intermediaries to collectively achieve amplification of the maturation process and further precise sculpting of the functional landscapes among DCs. By emphasizing the interconnectedness of the intracellular and intercellular mechanisms, we reveal activation, amplification, and ablation as the mechanistically integrated components of the DC maturation process.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/5/716dendritic cellsmaturationtoleranceimmunity |
| spellingShingle | Jessica Bourque Daniel Hawiger Activation, Amplification, and Ablation as Dynamic Mechanisms of Dendritic Cell Maturation Biology dendritic cells maturation tolerance immunity |
| title | Activation, Amplification, and Ablation as Dynamic Mechanisms of Dendritic Cell Maturation |
| title_full | Activation, Amplification, and Ablation as Dynamic Mechanisms of Dendritic Cell Maturation |
| title_fullStr | Activation, Amplification, and Ablation as Dynamic Mechanisms of Dendritic Cell Maturation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Activation, Amplification, and Ablation as Dynamic Mechanisms of Dendritic Cell Maturation |
| title_short | Activation, Amplification, and Ablation as Dynamic Mechanisms of Dendritic Cell Maturation |
| title_sort | activation amplification and ablation as dynamic mechanisms of dendritic cell maturation |
| topic | dendritic cells maturation tolerance immunity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/5/716 |
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