<i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Failed to Establish Distinct Infection in Naïve Gilts: Lessons Learned from a Preliminary Experimental Challenge
<i>Leptospira</i> is a pathogen involved in fertility problems in pigs. Nevertheless, little information is available on pathogenicity, transmission, tissue tropism, and immune response. The objective of this preliminary study was to induce a diagnostically detectable infection in naïve...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/1/135 |
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| author | Romana Steinparzer Sophie Duerlinger Friedrich Schmoll Adi Steinrigl Zoltán Bagó Denise Willixhofer Osaid Al Salem Sarolta Takács Christian Knecht René Renzhammer Ilse Schwendenwein Andrea Ladinig Christine Unterweger |
| author_facet | Romana Steinparzer Sophie Duerlinger Friedrich Schmoll Adi Steinrigl Zoltán Bagó Denise Willixhofer Osaid Al Salem Sarolta Takács Christian Knecht René Renzhammer Ilse Schwendenwein Andrea Ladinig Christine Unterweger |
| author_sort | Romana Steinparzer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Leptospira</i> is a pathogen involved in fertility problems in pigs. Nevertheless, little information is available on pathogenicity, transmission, tissue tropism, and immune response. The objective of this preliminary study was to induce a diagnostically detectable infection in naïve gilts using <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae to gain the knowledge required for designing a large-scale trial. Eight seronegative fertile gilts were divided into three groups: control (n = 2), challenge (n = 3; 10 mL of 10<sup>8</sup> leptospires/mL intravenously), and contact (n = 3). A daily clinical examination and periodic sampling of blood, urine, and vaginal swabs were performed until four weeks after infection when necropsy was undertaken. Seroconversion of infected animals was detected first by a microscopic agglutination test (MAT) between four and seven days after inoculation. No clinical signs were observed except pyrexia. Laboratory data primarily remained within reference intervals. <i>Leptospira</i> were undetectable in all groups by real-time PCR (sera, urine, vaginal swabs, and tissue samples) and bacterial culture (urine and tissue samples). However, histologic evidence for tubulo-interstitial nephritis could be found. Based on the study results and limitations, questions to be solved and approaches to be reconsidered are raised for the conduction of further experimental studies to understand the pathogenesis and the role of Icterohaemorrhagiae in pig health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:29:26Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:29:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-52b4a727aeba4dcf924c8072ce351a972023-11-30T23:54:11ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-01-0112113510.3390/pathogens12010135<i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Failed to Establish Distinct Infection in Naïve Gilts: Lessons Learned from a Preliminary Experimental ChallengeRomana Steinparzer0Sophie Duerlinger1Friedrich Schmoll2Adi Steinrigl3Zoltán Bagó4Denise Willixhofer5Osaid Al Salem6Sarolta Takács7Christian Knecht8René Renzhammer9Ilse Schwendenwein10Andrea Ladinig11Christine Unterweger12Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Moedling, AustriaUniversity Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaInstitute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Moedling, AustriaInstitute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Moedling, AustriaInstitute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Moedling, AustriaInstitute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Moedling, AustriaUniversity Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaUniversity Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaUniversity Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaUniversity Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaClinical Pathology Platform, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaUniversity Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, AustriaUniversity Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria<i>Leptospira</i> is a pathogen involved in fertility problems in pigs. Nevertheless, little information is available on pathogenicity, transmission, tissue tropism, and immune response. The objective of this preliminary study was to induce a diagnostically detectable infection in naïve gilts using <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae to gain the knowledge required for designing a large-scale trial. Eight seronegative fertile gilts were divided into three groups: control (n = 2), challenge (n = 3; 10 mL of 10<sup>8</sup> leptospires/mL intravenously), and contact (n = 3). A daily clinical examination and periodic sampling of blood, urine, and vaginal swabs were performed until four weeks after infection when necropsy was undertaken. Seroconversion of infected animals was detected first by a microscopic agglutination test (MAT) between four and seven days after inoculation. No clinical signs were observed except pyrexia. Laboratory data primarily remained within reference intervals. <i>Leptospira</i> were undetectable in all groups by real-time PCR (sera, urine, vaginal swabs, and tissue samples) and bacterial culture (urine and tissue samples). However, histologic evidence for tubulo-interstitial nephritis could be found. Based on the study results and limitations, questions to be solved and approaches to be reconsidered are raised for the conduction of further experimental studies to understand the pathogenesis and the role of Icterohaemorrhagiae in pig health.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/1/135Icterohaemorrhagiaegiltsexperimental infectionurogenital tractvaginal swabscultivation |
| spellingShingle | Romana Steinparzer Sophie Duerlinger Friedrich Schmoll Adi Steinrigl Zoltán Bagó Denise Willixhofer Osaid Al Salem Sarolta Takács Christian Knecht René Renzhammer Ilse Schwendenwein Andrea Ladinig Christine Unterweger <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Failed to Establish Distinct Infection in Naïve Gilts: Lessons Learned from a Preliminary Experimental Challenge Pathogens Icterohaemorrhagiae gilts experimental infection urogenital tract vaginal swabs cultivation |
| title | <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Failed to Establish Distinct Infection in Naïve Gilts: Lessons Learned from a Preliminary Experimental Challenge |
| title_full | <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Failed to Establish Distinct Infection in Naïve Gilts: Lessons Learned from a Preliminary Experimental Challenge |
| title_fullStr | <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Failed to Establish Distinct Infection in Naïve Gilts: Lessons Learned from a Preliminary Experimental Challenge |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Failed to Establish Distinct Infection in Naïve Gilts: Lessons Learned from a Preliminary Experimental Challenge |
| title_short | <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Failed to Establish Distinct Infection in Naïve Gilts: Lessons Learned from a Preliminary Experimental Challenge |
| title_sort | i leptospira interrogans i serovar icterohaemorrhagiae failed to establish distinct infection in naive gilts lessons learned from a preliminary experimental challenge |
| topic | Icterohaemorrhagiae gilts experimental infection urogenital tract vaginal swabs cultivation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/1/135 |
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