Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea
This study analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and microbial communities of karst water in Samcheok, Korea, and compared water quality results to identify the seasonal characteristics and hydrogeological connectivity of the study areas of Hamaengbang-ri, Gyogok-ri, Yeosam-ri, and the downtown...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/12/3407 |
| _version_ | 1797545812076527616 |
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| author | Han-Sun Ryu Heejung Kim Jin-Yong Lee Jiwook Jang Sangwook Park |
| author_facet | Han-Sun Ryu Heejung Kim Jin-Yong Lee Jiwook Jang Sangwook Park |
| author_sort | Han-Sun Ryu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and microbial communities of karst water in Samcheok, Korea, and compared water quality results to identify the seasonal characteristics and hydrogeological connectivity of the study areas of Hamaengbang-ri, Gyogok-ri, Yeosam-ri, and the downtown area of Samcheok. Field survey and water quality analysis were performed in July 2019, February 2020, and April 2020. Hydrochemical analysis of karst water (groundwater and surface water) showed that most samples were comprised of Ca-HCO<sub>3</sub> and that water–rock interactions were a dominant factor compared to precipitation and evaporation (crystallization). For seasonal characteristics, water–rock interactions appeared more active in the dry season than in the rainy season. Calcite weathering was dominant in the dry season, whereas dolomite weathering dominated the rainy season. Moreover, the saturation indexes for the dry and rainy seasons were less than and greater than 0, respectively, corresponding to an unsaturation (oversaturation) state; thus, white precipitate distributed in the study areas was deposited in the rainy season. Finally, as a result of analyzing the hydraulic characteristics between regions, hydrogeological similarities were identified between Hamaengbang-ri and Yeosam-ri, and between Gyogok-ri and downtown Samcheok, which suggested hydrogeological connectivity between each of the pairs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:20:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52b66cc6b0f84463a5b8e3204638ef70 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:20:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-52b66cc6b0f84463a5b8e3204638ef702023-11-20T23:24:54ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-12-011212340710.3390/w12123407Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South KoreaHan-Sun Ryu0Heejung Kim1Jin-Yong Lee2Jiwook Jang3Sangwook Park4Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaThis study analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and microbial communities of karst water in Samcheok, Korea, and compared water quality results to identify the seasonal characteristics and hydrogeological connectivity of the study areas of Hamaengbang-ri, Gyogok-ri, Yeosam-ri, and the downtown area of Samcheok. Field survey and water quality analysis were performed in July 2019, February 2020, and April 2020. Hydrochemical analysis of karst water (groundwater and surface water) showed that most samples were comprised of Ca-HCO<sub>3</sub> and that water–rock interactions were a dominant factor compared to precipitation and evaporation (crystallization). For seasonal characteristics, water–rock interactions appeared more active in the dry season than in the rainy season. Calcite weathering was dominant in the dry season, whereas dolomite weathering dominated the rainy season. Moreover, the saturation indexes for the dry and rainy seasons were less than and greater than 0, respectively, corresponding to an unsaturation (oversaturation) state; thus, white precipitate distributed in the study areas was deposited in the rainy season. Finally, as a result of analyzing the hydraulic characteristics between regions, hydrogeological similarities were identified between Hamaengbang-ri and Yeosam-ri, and between Gyogok-ri and downtown Samcheok, which suggested hydrogeological connectivity between each of the pairs.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/12/3407karst hydrologyhydrochemistrycarbonate rockisotopesaturation indexmicroorganism |
| spellingShingle | Han-Sun Ryu Heejung Kim Jin-Yong Lee Jiwook Jang Sangwook Park Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea Water karst hydrology hydrochemistry carbonate rock isotope saturation index microorganism |
| title | Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea |
| title_full | Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea |
| title_fullStr | Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea |
| title_short | Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea |
| title_sort | spatio temporal variations of hydrochemical and microbial characteristics in karst water in samcheok south korea |
| topic | karst hydrology hydrochemistry carbonate rock isotope saturation index microorganism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/12/3407 |
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