Punjab's Linguistic Land Scape: Postcolonial Reading of Literary, Political and Social Contexts

Punjab's Linguistic Land Scape: Postcolonial Reading of Literary, Political and Social Contexts

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Sajid Javed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of the Punjab, Institute of Urdu Language and Literature, Lahore 2021-12-01
Series:بازیافت
Subjects:
east india company
punjab
maharaja ranjeet singh
language landscape
Online Access:http://journals.pu.edu.pk/journals/index.php/Bazyaft/article/view/5117
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description <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: ER;">Fort William College was formed in 1800 at Calcutta by the personnel of East India Company for the main purpose of indigenous languages acquisition to its civil and military officials. The various departments like Hindoostanee, Punjabi, Persian, Arabic and other local languages were established for this purpose. John Gilchrist was the head of Hindoostanee (Urdu) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>language department. He devise the refined dialect of Hindoostanee language named Urdu here which was the language of command for northern Indian parts in colonial period. This language was imposed as an official language of different Indian parts included Punjab. Punjab was being governed by Maharaja Ranjeet Singh at that time. Persian was the official and Punjabi was the language of common man at that time. The literacy rate of Punjab was above eighty percent at that time. Since 1857, the language landscape of Punjab was changed by the British Rulers and The Persian and Punjabi Language was replaced by Urdu Language which was not the language of commoners here. There were two types of views from local intelligentsia as well as The British officials to change the language identification of this province or not. Due to adopt the Urdu language, the literacy rate of Punjab was reduced automatically. This action by the rulers changed political as well as the social scenario of this region. The third language Saraiki of the western part of Punjab was also accepted serious changes in itself. After 1947, The East Punjab restore the real Punjabi Language in India because it was the religious and first language of Sikh community, but this Language change was continued in Punjab province. This colonial agenda was the effective reason for the dramatic linguistic changes in 19<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> century in Punjab. The historical and socio linguistics changes will be observed and discussed in colonial and pre-colonial period in this article. </span></p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning /> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents /> 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spelling doaj.art-52bd063a47ac47c1a552e8e1d999c8b02024-01-16T13:51:58ZengUniversity of the Punjab, Institute of Urdu Language and Literature, Lahoreبازیافت1992-36782788-48482021-12-0139110.57156/bazyaft3915117122153Punjab's Linguistic Land Scape: Postcolonial Reading of Literary, Political and Social ContextsSajid Javed0Department of Urdu, University of Sargodha<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: ER;">Fort William College was formed in 1800 at Calcutta by the personnel of East India Company for the main purpose of indigenous languages acquisition to its civil and military officials. The various departments like Hindoostanee, Punjabi, Persian, Arabic and other local languages were established for this purpose. John Gilchrist was the head of Hindoostanee (Urdu) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>language department. He devise the refined dialect of Hindoostanee language named Urdu here which was the language of command for northern Indian parts in colonial period. This language was imposed as an official language of different Indian parts included Punjab. Punjab was being governed by Maharaja Ranjeet Singh at that time. Persian was the official and Punjabi was the language of common man at that time. The literacy rate of Punjab was above eighty percent at that time. Since 1857, the language landscape of Punjab was changed by the British Rulers and The Persian and Punjabi Language was replaced by Urdu Language which was not the language of commoners here. There were two types of views from local intelligentsia as well as The British officials to change the language identification of this province or not. Due to adopt the Urdu language, the literacy rate of Punjab was reduced automatically. This action by the rulers changed political as well as the social scenario of this region. The third language Saraiki of the western part of Punjab was also accepted serious changes in itself. After 1947, The East Punjab restore the real Punjabi Language in India because it was the religious and first language of Sikh community, but this Language change was continued in Punjab province. This colonial agenda was the effective reason for the dramatic linguistic changes in 19<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> century in Punjab. The historical and socio linguistics changes will be observed and discussed in colonial and pre-colonial period in this article. </span></p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning /> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents /> 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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3" /> <w:LsdException Lockhttp://journals.pu.edu.pk/journals/index.php/Bazyaft/article/view/5117east india companypunjabmaharaja ranjeet singhlanguage landscape
spellingShingle Sajid Javed
Punjab's Linguistic Land Scape: Postcolonial Reading of Literary, Political and Social Contexts
بازیافت
east india company
punjab
maharaja ranjeet singh
language landscape
title Punjab's Linguistic Land Scape: Postcolonial Reading of Literary, Political and Social Contexts
title_full Punjab's Linguistic Land Scape: Postcolonial Reading of Literary, Political and Social Contexts
title_fullStr Punjab's Linguistic Land Scape: Postcolonial Reading of Literary, Political and Social Contexts
title_full_unstemmed Punjab's Linguistic Land Scape: Postcolonial Reading of Literary, Political and Social Contexts
title_short Punjab's Linguistic Land Scape: Postcolonial Reading of Literary, Political and Social Contexts
title_sort punjab s linguistic land scape postcolonial reading of literary political and social contexts
topic east india company
punjab
maharaja ranjeet singh
language landscape
url http://journals.pu.edu.pk/journals/index.php/Bazyaft/article/view/5117
work_keys_str_mv AT sajidjaved punjabslinguisticlandscapepostcolonialreadingofliterarypoliticalandsocialcontexts

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