Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease through new blood-brain barrier models
The blood-brain barrier is a unique function of the microvasculature in the brain parenchyma that maintains homeostasis in the central nervous system. Blood-brain barrier breakdown is a common pathology in various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Neural Regeneration Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2024;volume=19;issue=9;spage=1954;epage=1960;aulast= |
| _version_ | 1797299949002555392 |
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| author | Kinya Matsuo Hideaki Nshihara |
| author_facet | Kinya Matsuo Hideaki Nshihara |
| author_sort | Kinya Matsuo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The blood-brain barrier is a unique function of the microvasculature in the brain parenchyma that maintains homeostasis in the central nervous system. Blood-brain barrier breakdown is a common pathology in various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Traditionally, it has been considered a consequence of neuroinflammation or neurodegeneration, but recent advanced imaging techniques and detailed studies in animal models show that blood-brain barrier breakdown occurs early in the disease process and may precede neuronal loss. Thus, the blood-brain barrier is attractive as a potential therapeutic target for neurological diseases that lack effective therapeutics. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying blood-brain barrier breakdown and translate them into therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases, there is a growing demand for experimental models of human origin that allow for functional assessments. Recently, several human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have been established and various in vitro blood-brain barrier models using microdevices have been proposed. Especially in the Alzheimer's disease field, the human evidence for blood-brain barrier dysfunction has been demonstrated and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have suggested the putative molecular mechanisms of pathological blood-brain barrier. In this review, we summarize recent evidence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease from pathological analyses, imaging studies, animal models, and stem cell sources. Additionally, we discuss the potential future directions for blood-brain barrier research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:59:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52c4eea4fb5748068e4f6637ac66f825 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1673-5374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:59:04Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neural Regeneration Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-52c4eea4fb5748068e4f6637ac66f8252024-02-22T15:19:04ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsNeural Regeneration Research1673-53742024-01-011991954196010.4103/1673-5374.390978Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease through new blood-brain barrier modelsKinya MatsuoHideaki NshiharaThe blood-brain barrier is a unique function of the microvasculature in the brain parenchyma that maintains homeostasis in the central nervous system. Blood-brain barrier breakdown is a common pathology in various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Traditionally, it has been considered a consequence of neuroinflammation or neurodegeneration, but recent advanced imaging techniques and detailed studies in animal models show that blood-brain barrier breakdown occurs early in the disease process and may precede neuronal loss. Thus, the blood-brain barrier is attractive as a potential therapeutic target for neurological diseases that lack effective therapeutics. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying blood-brain barrier breakdown and translate them into therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases, there is a growing demand for experimental models of human origin that allow for functional assessments. Recently, several human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have been established and various in vitro blood-brain barrier models using microdevices have been proposed. Especially in the Alzheimer's disease field, the human evidence for blood-brain barrier dysfunction has been demonstrated and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have suggested the putative molecular mechanisms of pathological blood-brain barrier. In this review, we summarize recent evidence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease from pathological analyses, imaging studies, animal models, and stem cell sources. Additionally, we discuss the potential future directions for blood-brain barrier research.http://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2024;volume=19;issue=9;spage=1954;epage=1960;aulast=alzheimer's disease; blood-brain barrier; human induced pluripotent stem cells |
| spellingShingle | Kinya Matsuo Hideaki Nshihara Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease through new blood-brain barrier models Neural Regeneration Research alzheimer's disease; blood-brain barrier; human induced pluripotent stem cells |
| title | Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease through new blood-brain barrier models |
| title_full | Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease through new blood-brain barrier models |
| title_fullStr | Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease through new blood-brain barrier models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease through new blood-brain barrier models |
| title_short | Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease through new blood-brain barrier models |
| title_sort | rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of alzheimer s disease through new blood brain barrier models |
| topic | alzheimer's disease; blood-brain barrier; human induced pluripotent stem cells |
| url | http://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2024;volume=19;issue=9;spage=1954;epage=1960;aulast= |
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