Graded/Gradient Porous Biomaterials
Biomaterials include bioceramics, biometals, biopolymers and biocomposites and they play important roles in the replacement and regeneration of human tissues. However, dense bioceramics and dense biometals pose the problem of stress shielding due to their high Young’s moduli compared to those of bon...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2009-12-01
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| Series: | Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/3/1/26/ |
| _version_ | 1811282935088676864 |
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| author | Xigeng Miao Dan Sun |
| author_facet | Xigeng Miao Dan Sun |
| author_sort | Xigeng Miao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biomaterials include bioceramics, biometals, biopolymers and biocomposites and they play important roles in the replacement and regeneration of human tissues. However, dense bioceramics and dense biometals pose the problem of stress shielding due to their high Young’s moduli compared to those of bones. On the other hand, porous biomaterials exhibit the potential of bone ingrowth, which will depend on porous parameters such as pore size, pore interconnectivity, and porosity. Unfortunately, a highly porous biomaterial results in poor mechanical properties. To optimise the mechanical and the biological properties, porous biomaterials with graded/gradient porosity, pores size, and/or composition have been developed. Graded/gradient porous biomaterials have many advantages over graded/gradient dense biomaterials and uniform or homogenous porous biomaterials. The internal pore surfaces of graded/gradient porous biomaterials can be modified with organic, inorganic, or biological coatings and the internal pores themselves can also be filled with biocompatible and biodegradable materials or living cells. However, graded/gradient porous biomaterials are generally more difficult to fabricate than uniform or homogenous porous biomaterials. With the development of cost-effective processing techniques, graded/gradient porous biomaterials can find wide applications in bone defect filling, implant fixation, bone replacement, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:02:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52c52b1fa78f4ceba1dd757404f74908 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:02:41Z |
| publishDate | 2009-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-52c52b1fa78f4ceba1dd757404f749082022-12-22T03:07:35ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442009-12-0131264710.3390/ma3010026Graded/Gradient Porous BiomaterialsXigeng MiaoDan SunBiomaterials include bioceramics, biometals, biopolymers and biocomposites and they play important roles in the replacement and regeneration of human tissues. However, dense bioceramics and dense biometals pose the problem of stress shielding due to their high Young’s moduli compared to those of bones. On the other hand, porous biomaterials exhibit the potential of bone ingrowth, which will depend on porous parameters such as pore size, pore interconnectivity, and porosity. Unfortunately, a highly porous biomaterial results in poor mechanical properties. To optimise the mechanical and the biological properties, porous biomaterials with graded/gradient porosity, pores size, and/or composition have been developed. Graded/gradient porous biomaterials have many advantages over graded/gradient dense biomaterials and uniform or homogenous porous biomaterials. The internal pore surfaces of graded/gradient porous biomaterials can be modified with organic, inorganic, or biological coatings and the internal pores themselves can also be filled with biocompatible and biodegradable materials or living cells. However, graded/gradient porous biomaterials are generally more difficult to fabricate than uniform or homogenous porous biomaterials. With the development of cost-effective processing techniques, graded/gradient porous biomaterials can find wide applications in bone defect filling, implant fixation, bone replacement, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/3/1/26/gradedgradientporositypore sizebonebiomaterials |
| spellingShingle | Xigeng Miao Dan Sun Graded/Gradient Porous Biomaterials Materials graded gradient porosity pore size bone biomaterials |
| title | Graded/Gradient Porous Biomaterials |
| title_full | Graded/Gradient Porous Biomaterials |
| title_fullStr | Graded/Gradient Porous Biomaterials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Graded/Gradient Porous Biomaterials |
| title_short | Graded/Gradient Porous Biomaterials |
| title_sort | graded gradient porous biomaterials |
| topic | graded gradient porosity pore size bone biomaterials |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/3/1/26/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xigengmiao gradedgradientporousbiomaterials AT dansun gradedgradientporousbiomaterials |