Analysis of marine heatwaves over the Bay of Bengal during 1982–2021
Abstract Anomalous increase in sea surface temperature and its impact on natural ecosystems greatly interests the research community. Here we investigate the causes, impacts, and trends of marine heat wave (MHW) events in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) from 1982 to 2021. A total of 107 MHW events have been...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2023-08-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39884-y |
| _version_ | 1797453060486725632 |
|---|---|
| author | Sudhanshu Kumar Arun Chakraborty Raghvendra Chandrakar Abhishek Kumar Biplab Sadhukhan Riyanka Roy Chowdhury |
| author_facet | Sudhanshu Kumar Arun Chakraborty Raghvendra Chandrakar Abhishek Kumar Biplab Sadhukhan Riyanka Roy Chowdhury |
| author_sort | Sudhanshu Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Anomalous increase in sea surface temperature and its impact on natural ecosystems greatly interests the research community. Here we investigate the causes, impacts, and trends of marine heat wave (MHW) events in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) from 1982 to 2021. A total of 107 MHW events have been isolated (> 90th percentile threshold) in this Indian Ocean region, and their variation in intensity, duration, and frequency has been investigated. Our research unveils that an average of three MHW events/year accompanied by a linearly increasing trend of 1.11 MHW events/decade has been observed over the study region. It was also found that the most intense event was observed in 2016, which continued for 69 days, and had a maximum intensity of 5.29 °C and a mean intensity of 2.03 °C (above climatology mean). Moreover, it was observed that the net heat flux, along with anticyclonic eddies, was the primary cause of MHW events. Anticyclonic eddies associated with positive sea surface height anomaly were observed (> 0.20 m) in the vicinity of the most intense MHW event. Additionally, climate change and climate modes like El Niño and Indian Ocean Dipole show a high positive influence on the MHW events. Furthermore, we have examined the MHW event recurrence patterns in various regions of the BoB. From the monthly analysis, it was found that August and November had the most occurrences of MHWs, while April and May had the most extreme MHW events. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:17:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52ce932a97fb4a2f9ace7113f5f78796 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:17:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-52ce932a97fb4a2f9ace7113f5f787962023-11-26T13:00:17ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-08-0113111510.1038/s41598-023-39884-yAnalysis of marine heatwaves over the Bay of Bengal during 1982–2021Sudhanshu Kumar0Arun Chakraborty1Raghvendra Chandrakar2Abhishek Kumar3Biplab Sadhukhan4Riyanka Roy Chowdhury5Centre for Ocean, River, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurCentre for Ocean, River, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurCentre for Ocean, River, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurCentre for Ocean, River, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurCentre for Ocean, River, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurCentre for Ocean, River, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurAbstract Anomalous increase in sea surface temperature and its impact on natural ecosystems greatly interests the research community. Here we investigate the causes, impacts, and trends of marine heat wave (MHW) events in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) from 1982 to 2021. A total of 107 MHW events have been isolated (> 90th percentile threshold) in this Indian Ocean region, and their variation in intensity, duration, and frequency has been investigated. Our research unveils that an average of three MHW events/year accompanied by a linearly increasing trend of 1.11 MHW events/decade has been observed over the study region. It was also found that the most intense event was observed in 2016, which continued for 69 days, and had a maximum intensity of 5.29 °C and a mean intensity of 2.03 °C (above climatology mean). Moreover, it was observed that the net heat flux, along with anticyclonic eddies, was the primary cause of MHW events. Anticyclonic eddies associated with positive sea surface height anomaly were observed (> 0.20 m) in the vicinity of the most intense MHW event. Additionally, climate change and climate modes like El Niño and Indian Ocean Dipole show a high positive influence on the MHW events. Furthermore, we have examined the MHW event recurrence patterns in various regions of the BoB. From the monthly analysis, it was found that August and November had the most occurrences of MHWs, while April and May had the most extreme MHW events.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39884-y |
| spellingShingle | Sudhanshu Kumar Arun Chakraborty Raghvendra Chandrakar Abhishek Kumar Biplab Sadhukhan Riyanka Roy Chowdhury Analysis of marine heatwaves over the Bay of Bengal during 1982–2021 Scientific Reports |
| title | Analysis of marine heatwaves over the Bay of Bengal during 1982–2021 |
| title_full | Analysis of marine heatwaves over the Bay of Bengal during 1982–2021 |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of marine heatwaves over the Bay of Bengal during 1982–2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of marine heatwaves over the Bay of Bengal during 1982–2021 |
| title_short | Analysis of marine heatwaves over the Bay of Bengal during 1982–2021 |
| title_sort | analysis of marine heatwaves over the bay of bengal during 1982 2021 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39884-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sudhanshukumar analysisofmarineheatwavesoverthebayofbengalduring19822021 AT arunchakraborty analysisofmarineheatwavesoverthebayofbengalduring19822021 AT raghvendrachandrakar analysisofmarineheatwavesoverthebayofbengalduring19822021 AT abhishekkumar analysisofmarineheatwavesoverthebayofbengalduring19822021 AT biplabsadhukhan analysisofmarineheatwavesoverthebayofbengalduring19822021 AT riyankaroychowdhury analysisofmarineheatwavesoverthebayofbengalduring19822021 |