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mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} --> <!--[endif] --> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><p class="wptextkrper" style="line-height: 150%;">It is often asserted that youth gangs and organized crime have seized Central America. For theories on contemporary Central American violence, Costa Rica,&nbsp;El Salvador and Nicaragua present important test cases, which demonstrate the need to differentiate the diagnosis. This paper is concerned with the social&nbsp;construction of violence-related national and transnational myths as a precondition for policy formulation. The notion of exploding youth violence is part of&nbsp;hegemonic discourses and not necessarily linked to lifeworld experiences. While discourses on youth violence differ from country to country, with varying&nbsp;threat levels, patterns of attention, and discursive leitmotifs, they share the monstrous image of brutal gangs (Mara Salvatrucha, Dieciocho) as the most&nbsp;vivid object of fear.</p></span></span>
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