Development of Quantitative Chemical Ionization Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Ambient Nitro- and Oxy-PAHs and Its Applications
The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere has been continually monitored since their toxicity became known, whereas nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) and oxy-PAHs (OPAHs), which are derivatives of PAHs by primary emissions or secondary formations in the atmosphere, have gained...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/2/775 |
| _version_ | 1797438244942512128 |
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| author | Jungmin Jo Ji-Yi Lee Kyoung-Soon Jang Atsushi Matsuki Amgalan Natsagdorj Yun-Gyong Ahn |
| author_facet | Jungmin Jo Ji-Yi Lee Kyoung-Soon Jang Atsushi Matsuki Amgalan Natsagdorj Yun-Gyong Ahn |
| author_sort | Jungmin Jo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere has been continually monitored since their toxicity became known, whereas nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) and oxy-PAHs (OPAHs), which are derivatives of PAHs by primary emissions or secondary formations in the atmosphere, have gained attention more recently. In this study, a method for the quantification of 18 NPAH and OPAH congeners in the atmosphere based on combined applications of gas chromatography coupled with chemical ionization mass spectrometry is presented. A high sensitivity and selectivity for the quantification of individual NPAH and OPAH congeners without sample preparations from the extract of aerosol samples were achieved using negative chemical ionization (NCI/MS) or positive chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (PCI-MS/MS). This analytical method was validated and applied to the aerosol samples collected from three regions in Northeast Asia—namely, Noto, Seoul, and Ulaanbaatar—from 15 December 2020 to 17 January 2021. The ranges of the method detection limits (MDLs) of the NPAHs and OPAHs for the analytical method were from 0.272 to 3.494 pg/m<sup>3</sup> and 0.977 to 13.345 pg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Among the three regions, Ulaanbaatar had the highest total mean concentration of NPAHs and OPAHs at 313.803 ± 176.349 ng/m<sup>3</sup>. The contribution of individual NPAHs and OPAHs in the total concentration differed according to the regional emission characteristics. As a result of the aerosol samples when the developed method was applied, the concentrations of NPAHs and OPAHs were quantified in the ranges of 0.016~3.659 ng/m<sup>3</sup> and 0.002~201.704 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. It was concluded that the method could be utilized for the quantification of NPAHs and OPAHs over a wide concentration range. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:34:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52f4cee9119c4cb9bab38eaa2cd5d03d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:34:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-52f4cee9119c4cb9bab38eaa2cd5d03d2023-11-30T23:44:42ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-01-0128277510.3390/molecules28020775Development of Quantitative Chemical Ionization Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Ambient Nitro- and Oxy-PAHs and Its ApplicationsJungmin Jo0Ji-Yi Lee1Kyoung-Soon Jang2Atsushi Matsuki3Amgalan Natsagdorj4Yun-Gyong Ahn5Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of KoreaBio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of KoreaInstitute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, JapanDepartment of Chemistry, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14200, MongoliaWestern Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of KoreaThe concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere has been continually monitored since their toxicity became known, whereas nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) and oxy-PAHs (OPAHs), which are derivatives of PAHs by primary emissions or secondary formations in the atmosphere, have gained attention more recently. In this study, a method for the quantification of 18 NPAH and OPAH congeners in the atmosphere based on combined applications of gas chromatography coupled with chemical ionization mass spectrometry is presented. A high sensitivity and selectivity for the quantification of individual NPAH and OPAH congeners without sample preparations from the extract of aerosol samples were achieved using negative chemical ionization (NCI/MS) or positive chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (PCI-MS/MS). This analytical method was validated and applied to the aerosol samples collected from three regions in Northeast Asia—namely, Noto, Seoul, and Ulaanbaatar—from 15 December 2020 to 17 January 2021. The ranges of the method detection limits (MDLs) of the NPAHs and OPAHs for the analytical method were from 0.272 to 3.494 pg/m<sup>3</sup> and 0.977 to 13.345 pg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Among the three regions, Ulaanbaatar had the highest total mean concentration of NPAHs and OPAHs at 313.803 ± 176.349 ng/m<sup>3</sup>. The contribution of individual NPAHs and OPAHs in the total concentration differed according to the regional emission characteristics. As a result of the aerosol samples when the developed method was applied, the concentrations of NPAHs and OPAHs were quantified in the ranges of 0.016~3.659 ng/m<sup>3</sup> and 0.002~201.704 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. It was concluded that the method could be utilized for the quantification of NPAHs and OPAHs over a wide concentration range.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/2/775nitro-PAHsoxy-PAHsGC-NCI/MSGC-PCI-MS/MSaerosol samples |
| spellingShingle | Jungmin Jo Ji-Yi Lee Kyoung-Soon Jang Atsushi Matsuki Amgalan Natsagdorj Yun-Gyong Ahn Development of Quantitative Chemical Ionization Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Ambient Nitro- and Oxy-PAHs and Its Applications Molecules nitro-PAHs oxy-PAHs GC-NCI/MS GC-PCI-MS/MS aerosol samples |
| title | Development of Quantitative Chemical Ionization Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Ambient Nitro- and Oxy-PAHs and Its Applications |
| title_full | Development of Quantitative Chemical Ionization Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Ambient Nitro- and Oxy-PAHs and Its Applications |
| title_fullStr | Development of Quantitative Chemical Ionization Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Ambient Nitro- and Oxy-PAHs and Its Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Quantitative Chemical Ionization Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Ambient Nitro- and Oxy-PAHs and Its Applications |
| title_short | Development of Quantitative Chemical Ionization Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Ambient Nitro- and Oxy-PAHs and Its Applications |
| title_sort | development of quantitative chemical ionization using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for ambient nitro and oxy pahs and its applications |
| topic | nitro-PAHs oxy-PAHs GC-NCI/MS GC-PCI-MS/MS aerosol samples |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/2/775 |
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